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The Ancestors of the West Origins, to ca. 3000 B.C. Mesopotamia, to ca. 1600 B.C. Egypt, to ca. 1100 B.C. Widening Horizons: The Levant and Anatolia, 25001150 B.C | |
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The Sword, the Book, and the Myths: Western Asia and Early Greece Assyrians, Neo-Babylonians, and Persians, ca. 1200330 B.C. Israel, ca. 1500400 B.C. Early Greece, to ca. 725 B.C | |
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The Age of the Polis Greece, ca. 750350 B.C. Society and Politics in Archaic Greece, ca. 750500 B.C. The Culture of Archaic Greece Classical Greece The Public Culture of Classical Greece | |
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Alexander the Great and the Spread of Greek Civilization, ca. 35030 B.C. Philip and Alexander The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 32330 B.C | |
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The Alexandrian Moment The Turn Inward: New Philosophies, New Faiths | |
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Rome, From Republic to Empire, ca. 50931 B.C | |
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Before the Republic, 753509 B.C. Government and Society in the Early and Middle Republics, ca. 509133 B.C | |
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From Italian City-State to World Empire, ca. 509133 B.C. The Revolution from the Gracchi to the Caesars, 13331 B.C | |
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Imperial Rome, 31 B.C.A.D. 284 Augustus and the Principate, 31 B.C.A.D. 68 The Roman Peace and Its Collapse, A.D. 69284 Early Christianity | |
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The World of Late Antiquity, 284ca. 600 Rebuilding the Roman Empire, 284395 The Catholic Church and the Roman Empire, 313604 | |
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The Rise of Germanic Kingdoms in the West, ca. 370530 The Roman Empire in the East, 395565 Society and Culture in Late Antiquity | |
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Early Medieval Civilizations, 600900 The Islamic East The Byzantine Empire Catholic Kingdoms in the West | |
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The Carolingian Empire Early Medieval Economies and Societies | |
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The Expansion of Europe in the High Middle Ages, 9001300 | |
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Economic Expansion The Heirs of the Carolingian Empire: Germany, Italy, and France The British Isles | |
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The Growth of New States The Crusades, 10951291 | |
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Medieval Civilization at Its Height 9001300 The Traditional Orders of Society Social and Religious Movements, ca. 11001300 Latin Culture: From Schools to Universities The Vernacular Achievement | |
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Crisis and Recovery in Late Medieval Europe, 13001500 The Crisis of the Western Christian Church War and the Struggle over Political Power, 13001450 Economy and Society The Consolidation of the Late Medieval Governments, 14501500 | |
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The Renaissance Humanism and Culture in Italy, 13001500 The Arts in Italy, 12501550 The Spread of the Renaissance, 13501536 | |
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The Renaissance and Court Society | |
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European Overseas Expansion to 1600 The European Background, 12501492 Portuguese Voyages of Exploration, 13501515 Spanish Voyages of Exploration, 14921522 Spain's Colonial Empire, 14921600 The Columbian Exchange | |
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The Age of the Reformation The Reformation Movements, ca. 15171545 The Empire of Charles V (r. 15191556) The English Reformation, 15201603 France, Scandinavia, and Eastern Europe, 15231560 The Late Reformation, ca. 15451600 | |
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Europe in the Age of Religious Wars, 15601648 Economic Change and Social Tensions Imperial Spain and the Limits of Royal Power Religious and Political Conflict in France and England Religious and Political Conflict in Central and Eastern Europe Writing, Drama, and Art in an Age of Upheaval | |
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Europe in the Age of Louis XIV, ca. 16401715 France in the Age of Absolutism English Civil War and Its Aftermath New Powers in Central and Eastern Europe The Expansion of Overseas Trade and Settlement | |
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A Revolution in World-View The Revolution in Astronomy, 15431632 The Scientific Revolution Generalized, ca. 16001700 The New Science: Society, Politics, and Religion | |
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Europe on the Threshold on Modernity, ca. 17151789 The Enlightenment European States in the Age of Enlightenment The Widening Scope of Commerce and Warfare Economic Expansion and Social Change | |
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An Age of Revolution, 17891815 The Beginnings of Revolution, 17751789 The Phases of Revolution, 17891799 The Napoleonic Era and the Legacy of Revolution, 17991815 | |
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The Industrial Transformation of Europe, 17501850 Setting the Stage for Industrialization Industrialization and European Production The Transformation of Europe and Its Environment Responses to Industrialization | |
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Restoration, Reform, and Revolution, 18141848 The Search for Stability: The Congress of Vienna, 18141815 Ideological Confrontations Restoration, Reform, and Reaction The Revolutions of 1848 | |
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Nationalism and Political Reform, 18501880 The Changing Nature of International Relations Italian Unification, 18591870 German Unification, 18501871 Precarious Empires The Emergence of New Political Forms in the United States and Canada, 18401880 The Development of Western Democracies | |
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The Age of Optimism, 18501880 Industrial Growth and Acceleration Changing Conditions Among Social Groups Urban Problems and Solutions Social and Political Initiatives Culture in an Age of Optimism | |
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Escalating Tensions, 18801914 The New Imperialism and the Spread of Europe's Population From Optimism to Anxiety: Politics and Culture Vulnerable Democracies Autocracies in Crisis The Coming War | |
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War and Revolution, 19141919 The Unforeseen Stalemate, 19141917 The Experience of Total War Two Revolutions in Russia: March and November 1917 The New War and the Allied Victory, 19171918 The Outcome and the Impact | |
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The Illusion of Stability, 19191930 The West and the World After the Great War Communism, Fascism, and the New Political Spectrum Toward Mass Society Weimar Germany and the Trials of the New Democracies The Search for Meaning in a Disordered World | |
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The Tortured Decade, 19301939 The Great Depression The Stalinist Revolution in the Soviet Union Hitler and Nazism in Germany Fascist Challenge and Antifascist Response, 19341939 The Coming of World War II, 19351939 | |
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The Era of the Second World War, 19391949 The Victory of Nazi Germany, 19391941 The Assault on the Soviet Union and the Nazi New Order A Global War, 19411944 The Shape of the Allied Victory, 19441945 Into the Postwar World | |
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An Anxious Stability: The Age of the Cold War, 19491989 The Search for Cultural Bearings Prosperity and Democracy in Western Europe The Communist Bloc: From Consolidation to Stagnation Europe, the West, and the World The Collapse of the Soviet System, 19751991 | |
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The West and the World Since 1989 The Uncertain International Framework After the Cold War New Outcomes of the Continuing Democratic Experiment Lifestyles and Identities The West in a Global Age The Uncertain Meaning of the West Conclusion: Learning from Western Civilization in a Global Age | |