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| Note: Chapters 221 include Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Chemists and Chemistry | |
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| Thinking Like a Chemist | |
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| A Real-World Chemistry Problem | |
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| The Scientific Method | |
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| Industrial Chemistry | |
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| Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Real-World Chemistry | |
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| Atoms, Molecules, and Ions | |
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| The Early History of Chemistry | |
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| Fundamental Chemical Laws | |
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| Dalton's Atomic Theory | |
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| Cannizzaro's Interpretation | |
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| Early Experiments to Characterize the Atom | |
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| The Modern View of Atomic Structure: An Introduction | |
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| Molecules and Ions | |
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| An Introduction to the Periodic Table | |
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| Naming Simple Compounds | |
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| Stoichiometry | |
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| Atomic Masses | |
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| The Mole | |
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| Molar Mass | |
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| Percent Composition of Compounds | |
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| Determining the Formula of a Compound | |
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| Chemical Equations | |
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| Balancing Chemical Equations | |
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| Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of Reactants and Products | |
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| Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant | |
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| Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry | |
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| Water, the Common Solvent | |
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| The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes | |
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| The Composition of Solutions | |
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| Types of Chemical Reactions | |
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| Precipitation Reactions | |
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| Describing Reactions in Solution | |
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| Selective Precipitation | |
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| Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions | |
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| Acid-Base Reactions | |
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| Oxidation-Reduction Reactions | |
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| Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations | |
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| Simple Oxidation-Reduction Titrations | |
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| Gases | |
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| Early Experiments | |
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| The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro | |
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| The Ideal Gas Law | |
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| Gas Stoichiometry | |
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| Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures | |
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| The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases | |
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| Effusion and Diffusion | |
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| Collisions of Gas Particles with the Container Walls | |
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| Intermolecular Collisions | |
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| Real Gases | |
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| Chemistry in the Atmosphere | |
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| Chemical Equilibrium | |
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| The Equilibrium Condition | |
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| The Equilibrium Constant | |
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| Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures | |
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| The Concept of Activity | |
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| Heterogeneous Equilibria | |
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| Applications of the Equilibrium Constant | |
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| Solving Equilibrium Problems | |
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| Le Chacirc;telier's Principle | |
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| Equilibria Involving Real Gases | |
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| Acids and Bases | |
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| The Nature of Acids and Bases | |
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| Acid Strength | |
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| The pH Scale | |
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| Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions | |
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| Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions | |
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| Bases | |
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| Polyprotic Acids | |
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| Acid-Base Properties of Salts | |
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| Acid Solutions in Which Water Contributes to the H+ Concentration | |
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| Strong Acid Solutions in Which Water Contributes to the H+ Concentration | |
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| Strategy for Solving Acid-Base Problems: A Summary | |
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| Applications of Aqueous Equilibria | |
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| Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion | |
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| Buffered Solutions | |
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| Exact Treatment of Buffered Solutions | |
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| Buffer Capacity | |
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| Titrations and pH Curves | |
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| Acid-Base Indicators | |
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| Titration of Polyprotic Acids | |
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| Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product | |
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| Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis | |
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| Complex Ion Equilibria | |
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| Energy, Enthalpy, and Thermochemistry | |
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| The Nature of Energy | |
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| Enthalpy | |
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| Thermodynamics of Ideal Gases | |
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| Calorimetry | |
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| Hess's Law | |
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| Standard Enthalpies of Formation | |
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| Present Sources of Energy | |
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| New Energy Sources | |
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| Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy | |
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| Spontaneous Processes and Entropy | |
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| The Isothermal Expansion and Compression of an Ideal Gas | |
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| The Definition of Entropy | |
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| Entropy and Physical Changes | |
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| Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity | |
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| Free Energy | |
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| Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions | |
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| Free Energy and Chemical Reactions | |
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| The Dependence of Free Energy on Pressure | |
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| Free Energy and Equilibrium | |
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| Free Energy and Work | |
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| Reversible and Irreversible Processes: A Summary | |
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| Electrochemistry | |
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| Galvanic Cells | |
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| Standard Reduction Potentials | |
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| Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy | |
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| Dependence of the Cell Potential on Concentration | |
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| Batteries | |
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| Corrosion | |
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| Electrolysis | |
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| Commercial Electrolytic Processes | |
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| Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory | |
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| Electromagnetic Radiation | |
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| The Nature of Matter | |
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| The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen | |
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| The Bohr Model | |
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| The Quantum Mechanical Description of the Atom | |
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| The Particle in a Box | |
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| The Wave Equation for the Hydrogen Atom | |
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| The Physical Meaning of a Wave Function | |
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| The Characteristics of Hydrogen Orbitals | |
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| Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle | |
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| Polyelectronic Atoms | |
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| The History of the Periodic Table | |
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| The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table | |
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| Further Development of the Polyelectronic Model | |
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| Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties | |
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| The Properties of a Group: The Alkali Metals | |
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| Bonding: General Concepts | |
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| Types of Chemical Bonds | |
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| Electronegativity | |
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| Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments | |
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| Ions: Electron Configurations and Sizes | |
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| Formation of Binary Ionic Compounds | |
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| Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds | |
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| The Covalent Chemical Bond: A Model | |
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| Covalent Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions | |
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| The Localized Electron Bonding Model | |
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| Lewis Structure | |
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| Resonance | |
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| Exceptions to the Octet Rule | |
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| Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model | |
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| Covalent Bonding: Orbitals | |
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| Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model | |
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| The Molecular Orbital Model | |
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| Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules | |
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| Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules | |
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| Combining the Localized Electron and Molecular Orbital Models | |
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| Orbitals: Human Invention | |
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| Molecular Spectroscopy | |
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| Chemical Kinetics | |
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| Reaction Rates | |
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| Rate Laws: An Introduction | |
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| Determining the Form of the Rate Law | |
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| The Integrated Rate Law | |
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| Rate Laws: A Summary | |
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| Reaction Mechanisms | |
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| The Steady-State Approximation | |
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| A Model for Chemical Kinetics | |
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| Catalysis | |
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| Liquids and Solids | |
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| Intermolecular Forces | |
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| The Liquid State | |
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| An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids | |
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| Structure and Bonding in Metals | |
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| Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids | |
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| Molecular Solids | |
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| Ionic Solids | |
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| Structures of Actual Ionic Solids | |
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| Lattice Defects | |
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| Vapor Pressure and Changes of State | |
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| Phase Diagrams | |
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| Properties of Solutions | |
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| Solution Composition | |
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| The Thermodynamics of Solution Formation | |
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| Factors Affecting Solubility | |
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| The Vapor Pressures of Solutions | |
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| Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression | |
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| Osmotic Pressure | |
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| Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions | |
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| Colloids | |
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| The Representative Elements: Groups 1A Through 4A | |
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| A Survey of the Representative Elements | |
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| The Group 1A Elements | |
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| The Chemistry of Hydrogen | |
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| The Group 2A Elements | |
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| The Group 3A Elements | |
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| The Group 4A Elements | |
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| The Representative Elements: Groups 5A Through 8A | |
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| The Group 5A Elements | |
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| The Chemistry of Nitrogen | |
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| The Chemistry of Phosphorus | |
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| The Group 6A Elements | |
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| The Chemistry of Oxygen | |
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| The Chemistry of Sulfu | |