Preface | p. xxiii |
About the Authors | p. xxxi |
The Ancestors of the West | p. 3 |
Origins, to Ca. 3000 B.C. | p. 4 |
Mesopotamia, to Ca. 1600 B.C. | p. 13 |
Egypt, to Ca. 1100 B.C. | p. 21 |
Widening Horizons: The Levant and Anatolia, 2500-1150 B.C. | p. 30 |
Summary | p. 35 |
Suggested Reading | p. 35 |
Information Technology: Papyrus | p. 14 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Iceman and His World | p. 36 |
The Sword, the Book, and the Myths: Western Asia and Early Greece | p. 39 |
Assyrians, Neo-Babylonians, and Persians, Ca. 1200-330 B.C. | p. 40 |
Israel, Ca. 1500-400 B.C. | p. 50 |
Early Greece, to Ca. 725 B.C. | p. 57 |
Summary | p. 65 |
Suggested Reading | p. 65 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Siege of Lachish | p. 66 |
The Age of the Polis: Greece, ca. 750-350 B.C. | p. 69 |
Society and Politics in Archaic Greece, Ca. 750-500 B.C. | p. 70 |
The Culture of Archaic Greece | p. 81 |
Classical Greece | p. 85 |
The Public Culture of Classical Greece | p. 93 |
Summary | p. 101 |
Suggested Reading | p. 101 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Parthenon | p. 102 |
Alexander the Great and the Spread of Greek Civilization, ca. 350-30 B.C. | p. 105 |
Philip and Alexander | p. 107 |
The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 323-30 B.C. | p. 112 |
The Alexandrian Moment | p. 121 |
The Turn Inward: New Philosophies, New Faiths | p. 127 |
Summary | p. 132 |
Suggested Reading | p. 133 |
Weighing the Evidence: Images of Cleopatra | p. 134 |
Rome: From Republic to Empire, ca. 509-31 B.C. | p. 137 |
Before the Republic, 753-509 B.C. | p. 139 |
Government and Society in the Early and Middle Republics, Ca. 509-133 B.C. | p. 142 |
From Italian City-State to World Empire, Ca. 509-133 B.C. | p. 149 |
The Revolution from the Gracchi to the Caesars, 133-31 B.C. | p. 160 |
Summary | p. 168 |
Suggested Reading | p. 169 |
Weighing the Evidence: Luxury Goods and Gender Wars in Rome | p. 170 |
Imperial Rome, 31 B.C.--A.D. 284 | p. 173 |
Augustus and the Principate, 31 B.C.--A.D. 68 | p. 174 |
The Roman Peace and Its Collapse, A.D. 69-284 | p. 182 |
Early Christianity | p. 191 |
Summary | p. 199 |
Suggested Reading | p. 199 |
Weighing the Evidence: Gladiators | p. 200 |
The World of Late Antiquity, 284--ca. 600 | p. 203 |
Rebuilding the Roman Empire, 284-395 | p. 204 |
The Catholic Church and the Roman Empire, 313-604 | p. 212 |
The Rise of Germanic Kingdoms in the West, Ca. 370-530 | p. 219 |
The Roman Empire in the East, 395-565 | p. 225 |
Society and Culture in Late Antiquity | p. 229 |
Summary | p. 235 |
Suggested Reading | p. 235 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Ravenna Mosaics | p. 236 |
Early Medieval Civilizations, 600-900 | p. 239 |
The Islamic East | p. 240 |
The Byzantine Empire | p. 247 |
Catholic Kingdoms in the West | p. 252 |
The Carolingian Empire | p. 257 |
Early Medieval Economies and Societies | p. 266 |
Summary | p. 271 |
Suggested Reading | p. 271 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Manuscript Book | p. 272 |
The Expansion of Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1300 | p. 275 |
Economic Expansion | p. 276 |
The Heirs of the Carolingian Empire: Germany, Italy, and France | p. 284 |
The British Isles | p. 295 |
The Growth of New States | p. 301 |
The Crusades, 1095-1291 | p. 308 |
Summary | p. 312 |
Suggested Reading | p. 313 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Medieval Castle | p. 314 |
Medieval Civilization at Its Height, 900-1300 | p. 317 |
The Traditional Orders of Society | p. 318 |
Social and Religious Movements, Ca. 1100-1300 | p. 328 |
Latin Culture: From Schools to Universities | p. 334 |
The Vernacular Achievement | p. 342 |
Summary | p. 352 |
Suggested Reading | p. 352 |
Information Technology: Paper | p. 344 |
Weighing the Evidence: Stained Glass | p. 350 |
Crisis and Recovery in Late Medieval Europe, 1300-1500 | p. 355 |
The Crisis of the Western Christian Church | p. 356 |
War, Disorder, and Revolts in Western Europe, 1300-1450 | p. 362 |
Economy and Society | p. 371 |
The Consolidation of the Late Medieval Governments, 1450-1500 | p. 378 |
Summary | p. 388 |
Suggested Reading | p. 389 |
Weighing the Evidence: A Painting of the Plague | p. 390 |
The Renaissance | p. 393 |
Humanism and Culture in Italy, 1300-1500 | p. 394 |
The Arts in Italy, 1250-1550 | p. 403 |
The Spread of the Renaissance, 1350-1536 | p. 410 |
The Renaissance and Court Society | p. 418 |
Summary | p. 424 |
Suggested Reading | p. 425 |
Information Technology: The Print Revolution | p. 414 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Art of Renaissance Florence | p. 426 |
European Overseas Expansion to 1600 | p. 429 |
The European Background, 1250-1492 | p. 430 |
Portuguese Voyages of Exploration, 1350-1515 | p. 435 |
Spanish Voyages of Exploration, 1492-1522 | p. 440 |
Spain's Colonial Empire, 1492-1600 | p. 444 |
The Columbian Exchange | p. 453 |
Summary | p. 456 |
Suggested Reading | p. 457 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Ships of Exploration | p. 458 |
The Age of the Reformation | p. 461 |
The Reformation Movements, Ca. 1517-1545 | p. 462 |
The Empire of Charles V (R. 1519-1556) | p. 472 |
The English Reformation, 1520-1603 | p. 478 |
France, Scandinavia, and Eastern Europe, 1523-1560 | p. 483 |
The Late Reformation, Ca. 1545-1600 | p. 486 |
Summary | p. 493 |
Suggested Reading | p. 496 |
Weighing the Evidence: A Reformation Woodcut | p. 494 |
Europe in the Age of Religious Wars, 1560-1648 | p. 499 |
Economic Change and Social Tensions | p. 500 |
Imperial Spain and the Limits of Royal Power | p. 505 |
Religious and Political Conflict in France and England | p. 514 |
The Holy Roman Empire and the Thirty Years' War, 1555-1648 | p. 523 |
Writing, Drama, and Art in an Age of Upheaval | p. 529 |
Summary | p. 534 |
Suggested Reading | p. 535 |
Weighing the Evidence: Art at Court | p. 536 |
Europe in the Age of Louis XIV, ca. 1640-1715 | p. 539 |
France in the Age of Absolutism | p. 540 |
English Civil War and Its Aftermath | p. 548 |
New Powers in Central and Eastern Europe | p. 553 |
The Expansion of Overseas Trade and Settlement | p. 560 |
Summary | p. 569 |
Suggested Reading | p. 569 |
Weighing the Evidence: Table Manners | p. 570 |
A Revolution in World-View | p. 573 |
The Revolution in Astronomy, 1543-1632 | p. 574 |
The Scientific Revolution Generalized, Ca. 1600-1700 | p. 582 |
The New Science: Society, Politics, and Religion | p. 590 |
Summary | p. 598 |
Suggested Reading | p. 599 |
Weighing the Evidence: Modern Maps | p. 600 |
Europe on the Threshold of Modernity, ca. 1715-1789 | p. 603 |
The Enlightenment | p. 604 |
European States in the Age of Enlightenment | p. 617 |
The Widening Scope of Warfare | p. 624 |
Economic Expansion and Social Change | p. 631 |
Summary | p. 637 |
Suggested Reading | p. 640 |
Information Technology: Newspapers | p. 614 |
Weighing the Evidence: Gardens | p. 638 |
An Age of Revolution, 1789-1815 | p. 643 |
The Beginnings of Revolution, 1775-1789 | p. 644 |
The Phases of the Revolution, 1789-1799 | p. 653 |
The Napoleonic Era and the Legacy of Revolution, 1799-1815 | p. 661 |
Summary | p. 673 |
Suggested Reading | p. 673 |
Weighing the Evidence: Political Symbols | p. 674 |
The Industrial Transformation of Europe, 1750-1850 | p. 677 |
Setting the Stage for Industrialization | p. 678 |
Industrialization and European Production | p. 681 |
The Transformation of Europe and Its Environment | p. 690 |
Responses to Industrialization | p. 699 |
Summary | p. 703 |
Suggested Reading | p. 703 |
Weighing the Evidence: Workers' Wages | p. 704 |
Restoration, Reform, and Revolution, 1814-1848 | p. 707 |
The Search for Stability: The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815 | p. 708 |
Ideological Confrontations | p. 711 |
Restoration, Reform, and Reaction | p. 723 |
The Revolutions of 1848 | p. 732 |
Summary | p. 737 |
Suggested Reading | p. 737 |
Weighing the Evidence: Raft of the "Medusa" | p. 738 |
Nationalism and Political Reform, 1850-1880 | p. 741 |
The Changing Nature of International Relations | p. 742 |
Italian Unification, 1859-1870 | p. 745 |
German Unification, 1850-1871 | p. 750 |
Precarious Empires | p. 755 |
The Emergence of New Political Forms in the United States and Canada, 1840-1880 | p. 761 |
The Development of Western Democracies | p. 765 |
Summary | p. 770 |
Suggested Reading | p. 771 |
Weighing the Evidence: An Engraving of the British Royal Family | p. 772 |
The Age of Optimism, 1850-1880 | p. 775 |
Industrial Growth and Acceleration | p. 777 |
Changing Conditions Among Social Groups | p. 782 |
Urban Problems and Solutions | p. 790 |
Social and Political Initiatives | p. 793 |
Culture in an Age of Optimism | p. 795 |
Summary | p. 804 |
Suggested Reading | p. 805 |
Information Technology: The Telegraph | p. 780 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Modern City and Photography | p. 806 |
Escalating Tensions, 1880-1914 | p. 809 |
The New Imperialism and the Spread of Europe's Population | p. 810 |
From Optimism to Anxiety: Politics and Culture | p. 821 |
Vulnerable Democracies | p. 826 |
Autocracies in Crisis | p. 831 |
The Coming War | p. 836 |
Summary | p. 839 |
Suggested Reading | p. 839 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Layout of the British Museum | p. 840 |
War and Revolution, 1914-1919 | p. 843 |
The Unforeseen Stalemate, 1914-1917 | p. 844 |
The Experiences of Total War | p. 853 |
Two Revolutions in Russia: March and November 1917 | p. 857 |
The New War and the Allied Victory, 1917-1918 | p. 862 |
The Outcome and the Impact | p. 866 |
Summary | p. 874 |
Suggested Reading | p. 875 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Poetry of World War I | p. 876 |
The Illusion of Stability, 1919-1930 | p. 879 |
The West and the World After the Great War | p. 880 |
Communism, Fascism, and the New Political Spectrum | p. 884 |
Toward Mass Society | p. 895 |
Weimar Germany and the Trials of the New Democracies | p. 900 |
The Search for Meaning in a Disordered World | p. 904 |
Summary | p. 909 |
Suggested Reading | p. 909 |
Weighing the Evidence: Advertising | p. 910 |
The Tortured Decade, 1930-1939 | p. 913 |
The Great Depression | p. 914 |
The Stalinist Revolution in the Soviet Union | p. 920 |
Hitler and Nazism in Germany | p. 924 |
Fascist Challenge and Antifascist Response, 1934-1939 | p. 931 |
The Coming of World War II, 1935-1939 | p. 937 |
Summary | p. 934 |
Suggested Reading | p. 934 |
Weighing the Evidence: Film as Propaganda | p. 944 |
The Era of the Second World War, 1939-1949 | p. 947 |
The Victory of Nazi Germany, 1939-1941 | p. 949 |
The Assault on the Soviet Union and the Nazi New Order | p. 953 |
A Global War, 1941-1944 | p. 962 |
The Shape of the Allied Victory, 1944-1945 | p. 967 |
Into the Postwar World | p. 974 |
Summary | p. 981 |
Suggested Reading | p. 981 |
Weighing the Evidence: Holocaust Testimony | p. 982 |
An Anxious Stability: The Age of the Cold War, 1949-1989 | p. 985 |
The Search for Cultural Bearings | p. 986 |
Prosperity and Democracy in Western Europe | p. 990 |
The Communist Bloc: From Consolidation to Stagnation | p. 999 |
Europe, the West, and the World | p. 1004 |
The Collapse of the Soviet System, 1975-1991 | p. 1011 |
Summary | p. 1018 |
Suggested Reading | p. 1019 |
Weighing the Evidence: Pop Art | p. 1020 |
The West and the World Since 1989 | p. 1023 |
The Search for a New International Order | p. 1024 |
Economy and the Political Order in the Mature Democracies | p. 1033 |
The Postcommunist Experiment | p. 1041 |
Lifestyles and Identities in the West | p. 1045 |
The West in a Global Age | p. 1053 |
Conclusion: Learning from Western Civilization in a Postmodern World | p. 1058 |
Suggested Reading | p. 1061 |
Information Technology: The Internet | p. 1036 |
Weighing the Evidence: The Euro | p. 1062 |
Glossary | p. 1 |
Credits | p. 17 |
Index | p. 21 |
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