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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Note on Transliteration and Dates | |
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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Maps | |
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| Introduction: Rewriting Arab History, 1516-1800 | |
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| Why The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule? | |
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| Sources for the study of the Ottoman Arab lands | |
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| 'Decline' and decentralization | |
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| State and society | |
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| Local notables and localization | |
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| Households | |
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| Households and localization | |
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| Artisans | |
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| Rural populations | |
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| Marginal populations | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Land and Peoples | |
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| Regions and nomenclature | |
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| Geographical features | |
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| Peoples | |
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| Religious minorities | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Ottoman Conquest of the Arab Lands | |
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| The rise of the Ottomans | |
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| The Mamluk sultanate (1250-1517) | |
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| The Safavids | |
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| The Portuguese | |
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| Conquest of the Mamluks | |
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| Suleyman I's conquest of Iraq | |
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| Yemen | |
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| North Africa | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Organization of the Ottoman Provincial Administration | |
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| Relations with the conquered population | |
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| Administrative subdivisions | |
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| Land tenure | |
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| The nature of Ottoman rule in Egypt | |
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| Early challenges to Ottoman rule | |
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| Crisis and Change in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| The 'decline' paradigm | |
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| The crisis of the seventeenth century | |
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| Kuls and Osman II | |
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| Janissary hegemony in the Arab provinces | |
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| Jelali governors and their equivalents | |
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| The loss of Yemen | |
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| The Koprulu reforms | |
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| Provincial Notables in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| Ayan | |
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| The ayan household | |
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| Georgian mamluks in ayan households | |
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| Women in the household | |
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| African eunuchs and ayan households | |
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| Ayan architecture | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Religious and Intellectual Life | |
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| The ulema | |
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| Sufism | |
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| The ulema in social protest | |
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| The ulema as intellectuals | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Urban Life and Trade | |
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| Arab provincial cities | |
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| Government regulation of markets | |
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| Long-distance trade | |
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| The Red Sea coffee trade and its cultural effects | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Rural Life | |
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| Land tenure | |
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| Village life | |
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| Tribes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Marginal Groups and Minority Populations | |
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| Religious minorities | |
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| Non-elite slavery | |
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| Women | |
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| The poor and disabled | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Ideological and Political Changes in the Late Eighteenth Century | |
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| 'Neo-Sufism' | |
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| Wahhabism | |
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| The crisis of Selim III's reign (1789-1807) | |
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| Conclusion: Transformations Under Ottoman Rule | |
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| The effects of Ottoman rule | |
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| The Ottoman Arab provinces after 1800 | |
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| The Ottomans and the world | |
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| The question of nationalist historiographies | |
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| Present-day relevance | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Ottoman Sultans to 1839 | |
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| Political Chronology | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |