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| An Introduction to the Study of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Nonverbal Communication: Basic Perspectives | |
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| Defining Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Encoding | |
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| Decoding | |
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| Classifying Nonverbal Behavior | |
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| The Communication Environment | |
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| Physical Environment | |
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| Spatial Environment | |
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| The Communicators' Physical Characteristics | |
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| Body Movement and Position | |
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| Gestures | |
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| Posture | |
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| Touching Behavior | |
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| Facial Expressions | |
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| Eye Behavior | |
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| Vocal Behavior | |
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| Nonverbal Communication in the Total Communication Process | |
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| Repeating | |
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| Conflicting | |
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| Complementing | |
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| Substituting | |
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| Accenting/Moderating | |
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| Regulating | |
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| The History of Nonverbal Studies | |
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| Nonverbal Communication in Everyday Life | |
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| Crime and Punishment | |
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| Televised Politics | |
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| Classroom Behavior | |
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| Courtship Behavior | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Roots of Nonverbal Behavior | |
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| The Development of Nonverbal Behavior Across Evolutionary Time: Phylogeny | |
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| Evidence from Sensory Deprivation | |
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| Evidence from Infants | |
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| Evidence from Twin Studies | |
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| Evidence from Nonhuman Primates | |
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| Evidence from Multicultural Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Ability to Receive and Send Nonverbal Signals | |
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| Methods for Improving Nonverbal Skills | |
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| Measuring Accuracy of Decoding and Encoding Nonverbal Cues | |
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| Standardized Tests of Decoding Ability | |
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| Characteristics of Skilled Nonverbal Receivers | |
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| Gender | |
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| Other Personal Correlates of Receiving Accuracy | |
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| Task Factors Affecting Nonverbal Receiving Accuracy | |
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| Characteristics of Accurate Nonverbal Senders | |
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| The Relationship between Sending and Receiving Skills | |
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| On Being an Observer of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| The Fallibility of Human Perception | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Communication Environment | |
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| The Effects of the Environment on Human Communication | |
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| Perceptions of Our Surroundings | |
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| Perceptions of Formality | |
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| Perceptions of Warmth | |
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| Perceptions of Privacy | |
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| Perceptions of Familiarity | |
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| Perceptions of Constraint | |
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| Perceptions of Distance | |
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| Reacting to Environments | |
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| Perceptions of Time | |
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| Time as Location | |
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| Time as Duration | |
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| Time as Intervals | |
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| Time as Patterns of Intervals | |
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| The Natural Environment | |
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| Other People in the Environment | |
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| Architectural Design and Movable Objects | |
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| Color | |
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| Sound | |
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| Lighting | |
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| Movable Objects | |
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| Structure and Design | |
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| Regulating Environments and Communication | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Effects of Territory and Personal Space on Human Communication | |
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| The Concept of Territoriality | |
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| Territoriality Invasion and Defense | |
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| Density and Crowding | |
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| The Effects of High Density | |
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| Coping with High Density | |
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| Conversational Distance | |
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| Sex | |
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| Age | |
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| Cultural and Ethnic Background | |
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| Topic or Subject Matter | |
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| Setting for the Interaction | |
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| Physical Characteristics | |
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| Attitudinal and Emotional Orientation | |
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| Characteristics of the Interpersonal Relationship | |
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| Personality Characteristics | |
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| Seating Behavior and Spatial Arrangements in Small Groups | |
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| Leadership | |
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| Dominance | |
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| Task | |
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| Sex and Acquaintance | |
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| Introversion-Extraversion | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Communicators | |
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| The Effects of Physical Characteristics on Human Communication | |
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| Our Body: Its General Attractiveness | |
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| Dating and Marriage | |
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| On the Job | |
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| Persuading Others | |
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| Self-Esteem | |
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| Antisocial Behavior | |
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| The Power of Physical Attractiveness: Some Important Qualifications | |
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| The Effects of Interaction | |
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| The Effects of Other Factors | |
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| Changing Standards over Time | |
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| Our Body: Its Specific Features | |
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| The Face | |
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| Body Shape | |
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| Height | |
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| Body Image | |
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| Body Color | |
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| Body Smell | |
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| Body Hair | |
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| Our Body: Clothes and Other Artifacts | |
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| Clothing and Communication | |
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| Functions of Clothing | |
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| Clothing as Information about the Person | |
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| Effects of Clothing on the Wearer | |
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| Clothing and Personality | |
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| Artifacts and Body Decoration | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Communicators' Behavior | |
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| The Effects of Gesture and Posture on Human Communication | |
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| Speech-Independent Gestures | |
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| Speech-Related Gestures | |
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| Referent-Related Gestures | |
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| Speaker's-Relationship-to-the-Referent Gestures | |
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| Punctuation Gestures | |
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| Interactive Gestures | |
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| The Coordination of Gesture, Posture, and Speech | |
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| Self-Synchrony | |
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| Interaction Synchrony | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Effects of Touch on Human Communication | |
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| Touching and Human Development | |
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| Who Touches Whom, Where, and How Much? | |
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| Different Types of Touching Behavior | |
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| The Meanings and Impact of Interpersonal Touch | |
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| Touch as Positive Affect | |
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| Touch as Negative Affect | |
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| Touch as Play | |
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| Touch as Influence | |
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| Touch as Interaction Management | |
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| Touch as Physiological Stimulus | |
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| Touch as Interpersonal Responsiveness | |
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| Touch as Task Related | |
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| Touch as Healing | |
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| Touch as Symbolism | |
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| Contextual Factors in the Meaning of Interpersonal Touch | |
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| Touch--A Powerful Unconscious Force in Interaction | |
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| Cultural Differences in Touching Behavior | |
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| Self-Touching | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Effects of the Face on Human Communication | |
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| The Face and Personality Judgments | |
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| The Face and Interaction Management | |
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| Channel Control | |
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| Complementing or Qualifying Other Behavior | |
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| Replacing Spoken Messages | |
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| The Face and Expressions of Emotion | |
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| The Face--A Complex Stimulus | |
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| The Facial Emotion Controversy | |
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| Measuring the Face | |
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| Judging Facial Expressions of Emotion | |
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| Emotions Inferred from the Face | |
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| Physiology and the Face | |
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| The Social Impact of Facial Expressions | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Effects of Eye Behavior on Human Communication | |
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| Gaze and Mutual Gaze | |
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| Functions of Gazing | |
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| Regulating the Flow of Communication | |
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| Monitoring Feedback | |
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| Reflecting Cognitive Activity | |
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| Expressing Emotions | |
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| Communicating the Nature of the Interpersonal Relationship | |
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| Conditions Influencing Gazing Patterns | |
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| Distance | |
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| Physical Characteristics | |
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| Personal and Personality Characteristics | |
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| Topics and Tasks | |
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| Cultural Background and Racial Attitudes | |
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| Pupil Dilation and Constriction | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Effects of Vocal Cues That Accompany Spoken Words | |
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| The Ingredients of Paralanguage | |
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| Vocal Cues and Speaker Recognition | |
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| Vocal Cues and Personality | |
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| Vocal Cues and Group Perceptions | |
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| Vocal Cues and Judgments of Sociodemographic Characteristics | |
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| Sex | |
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| Age | |
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| Social Class/Status | |
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| Target Effects | |
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| Vocal Cues and Emotion | |
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| Vocal Cues, Comprehension, and Persuasion | |
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| Vocal Cues, Comprehension, and Retention | |
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| Vocal Cues and Persuasion | |
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| Vocal Cues and Turn Taking in Conversations | |
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| Turn Yielding | |
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| Turn Requesting | |
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| Turn Maintaining | |
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| Turn Denying | |
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| Hesitations, Pauses, Silence, and Speech | |
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| Location or Placement of Pauses | |
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| Types of Pauses | |
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| Reasons Why Pauses Occur | |
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| Response Latency and Talking Time | |
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| Silence | |
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| Summary | |
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| Communicating Important Messages | |
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| Putting It All Together: Multisignal Messages | |
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| Communicating Intimacy | |
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| Communicating Dominance/Status | |
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| Managing the Interaction | |
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| Greeting Behavior | |
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| Turn-Taking Behavior | |
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| Leave-Taking Behavior | |
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| Communicating Our Identity | |
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| Personal Identity | |
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| Social Identity | |
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| Deceiving Others | |
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| A Perspective for Communicators | |
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| Credits | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |