| Preface | p. ix |
| How to Read a Document | p. xii |
| How to Read Visuals | p. xix |
| The Origins of Civilization | p. 1 |
| Stories of Creation | p. 2 |
| Popul Vuh (n.d.) | p. 3 |
| The Ancestors of the People Called Indians (The Huarochiri Manuscript) (ca. 1598-1608) | p. 6 |
| The Creation Epic (ca. 2000 B.C.E.) | p. 12 |
| The Book of Genesis (ca. 10th-6th century B.C.E.) | p. 17 |
| The Kojiki (712 C.E.) | p. 24 |
| The Cradle of Civilization | p. 28 |
| The Epic of Gilgamesh (ca. 2000 B.C.E.) | p. 29 |
| Code of Hammurabi (early 18th century B.C.E.) | p. 33 |
| The Book of the Dead (ca. 16th century B.C.E.) | p. 36 |
| Anonymous, Instructions in Letter Writing by an Egyptian Scribe (ca. 1200 B.C.E.) | p. 40 |
| The Book of Exodus (ca. 10th-6th century B.C.E.) | p. 43 |
| Archaic and Classical Greece | p. 47 |
| Homer, The Iliad (9th-8th century B.C.E.) | p. 48 |
| Sophocles, Antigone (441 B.C.E.) | p. 52 |
| Plato, The Apology (399 B.C.E.) | p. 56 |
| Plato, The Republic (ca. 327 B.C.E.) | p. 61 |
| Aristotle, Politics (4th century B.C.E.) | p. 66 |
| The Religions of the East | p. 70 |
| The Upanishads (ca. 600-500 B.C.E.) | p. 71 |
| The Buddha, Sermons and Teachings (6th century B.C.E.) | p. 74 |
| Bhagavad-Gita (ca. 200 B.C.E.) | p. 78 |
| Confucius, Analects (ca. 500 B.C.E.) | p. 83 |
| Lao-Tzu, Te-Tao Ching (ca. 500 B.C.E.) | p. 86 |
| China: War and Politics | p. 89 |
| Sun-Tzu, The Art of War (ca. 500 B.C.E.) | p. 90 |
| Anonymous, The Book of Songs (ca. 1200-1100 B.C.E.) | p. 94 |
| Ssu-ma Ch'ien, The Records of the Grand Historian of China (110-85 B.C.E.) | p. 98 |
| Han Fei Tzu, Memorials (ca. 230 B.C.E.) | p. 102 |
| Ancient Rome | p. 106 |
| Cicero, On the Laws (ca. 52 B.C.E.) | p. 107 |
| Virgil, The Aeneid (30-19 B.C.E.) | p. 110 |
| Suetonius, The Life of Augustus (ca. 122 C.E.) | p. 114 |
| The Sermon on the Mount (ca. 28-35 C.E.) | p. 118 |
| Traditional Societies | p. 121 |
| Africa and the Muslim World | p. 122 |
| Justinian, Code (529-565 C.E.) | p. 123 |
| Procopius, Secret History (ca. 560 C.E.) | p. 126 |
| The Koran (7th century C.E.) | p. 130 |
| Ibn Said, Book of the Maghrib (13th century C.E.) | p. 134 |
| Ibn Khaldun, The Mugaddimah (1377 C.E.) | p. 140 |
| Ibn Battuta, Travels in Africa (1364 C.E.) | p. 148 |
| Joao dos Santos, Ethiopia Oriental (1609 C.E.) | p. 152 |
| Asian Cultures | p. 156 |
| Pan Chao, Lessons for Women (ca. 99 C.E.) | p. 157 |
| The Lotus of the Wonderful Law (806 C.E.) | p. 162 |
| Fa-hsien, A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (394-414 C.E.) | p. 165 |
| The Examination System During the T'ang Dynasty (8th century C.E.) | p. 169 |
| Lady Murasaki, The Tale of Genji (ca. 1000 C.E.) | p. 172 |
| Ssu-ma Kuang, The Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government (1071-1085 C.E.) | p. 176 |
| Prince Shotoku, The Seventeen Article Constitution (604 C.E.) | p. 178 |
| Yuan Ts'ai, Precepts for Social Life (1178 C.E.) | p. 181 |
| Europe After the Fall of Rome | p. 185 |
| Tacitus, The Germania (98 C.E.) | p. 186 |
| The Burgundian Code (ca. 474 C.E.) | p. 189 |
| Einhard, The Life of Charlemagne (ca. 829-836 C.E.) | p. 194 |
| Magna Carta (1215 C.E.) | p. 197 |
| The Battle of Maldon (991 C.E.) | p. 201 |
| The Development of Christianity | p. 207 |
| Augustine of Hippo, The City of God (413-426 C.E.) | p. 208 |
| Benedict of Nursia, The Rule (ca. 535-540 C.E.) | p. 212 |
| Francis of Assisi, Admonitions (ca. 1220 C.E.) | p. 215 |
| Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (1265-1273 C.E.) | p. 220 |
| Witchcraft Documents (15th century C.E.) | p. 225 |
| Dynasties and Empires | p. 231 |
| The Italian Renaissance | p. 232 |
| Leon Battista Alberti, On the Family (1435-1444 C.E.) | p. 233 |
| Giorgio Vasari, The Life of Leonardo da Vinci (1550 C.E.) | p. 238 |
| Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince (1513 C.E.) | p. 243 |
| Cultures in Collision | p. 247 |
| Anna Comnena, The Alexiad (1097 C.E.) | p. 248 |
| Odo of Deuil, The Journey of Louis VII to the East (1147 C.E.) | p. 251 |
| Usama ibn Munqidh, Memoirs (after 1175 C.E.) | p. 254 |
| Jamal ad-Din ibn Wasil, The Dissipator of Anxieties (1250 C.E.) | p. 257 |
| China and Japan in the Middle Ages | p. 260 |
| The Hojo Code (1232 C.E.) | p. 261 |
| Kitabatake Chikafusa, A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns (1339-1343 C.E.) | p. 267 |
| Zeami Motokiyo, Kadensho (1440-1442 C.E.) | p. 271 |
| Shih Nai-an, All Men Are Brothers (14th century C.E.) | p. 276 |
| Anonymous, The Yangzhou Massacre (1645 C.E.) | p. 280 |
| European Encounters | p. 289 |
| Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza, The History of the Great and Mightie Kingdom of China (1585 C.E.) | p. 290 |
| Matteo Ricci, Journals (1583-1610 C.E.) | p. 293 |
| Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama (1497-1499 C.E.) | p. 297 |
| Christopher Columbus, Letter from the First Voyage (1493 C.E.) | p. 302 |
| Bernal Diaz, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (1552-1568 C.E.) | p. 306 |
| An Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico (1528 C.E.) | p. 309 |
| Bernabe Cobo, History of the Inca Empire (1653 C.E.) | p. 312 |
| Bartolome de las Casas, Apologetic History of the Indies (1566 C.E.) | p. 319 |
| Pedro de Leon Portocarrero, Description of Lima, Peru (ca. 1600 C.E.) | p. 323 |
| The Golden Age of Islam | p. 329 |
| Omar Khayyam, The Ruba'iyat (11th century C.E.) | p. 330 |
| Kritovoulos, The History of Mehmed the Conqueror (1453 C.E.) | p. 332 |
| Letters Between Sultan Selim I and Shah Ism, a'il (1514 C.E.) | p. 337 |
| Leo Africanus, The History and Description of Africa (1550 C.E.) | p. 341 |
| 'Abd ul-Hagg al Dihlawi al-Bukhari, The Perfection of Faith (11th century C.E.) | p. 345 |
| Francois Bernier, Travels in the Mughal Empire (1656-1668 C.E.) | p. 349 |
| The Reform of Christianity | p. 352 |
| Desiderius Erasmus, In Praise of Folly (1509 C.E.) | p. 353 |
| Martin Luther, The Freedom of a Christian (1520 C.E.) and On Marriage (1566 C.E.) | p. 356 |
| John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion (1534 C.E.) | p. 362 |
| Teresa of Avila, The Life of Saint Teresa (1611 C.E.) | p. 367 |
| European Politics and War | p. 372 |
| Cardinal Richelieu, The Political Testament (1638 C.E.) | p. 373 |
| Hans von Grimmelshausen, Simplicissimus (1669 C.E.) | p. 376 |
| Literary Credits | p. 381 |
| Photo Acknowledgments | p. 387 |
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