| |
| |
| |
| Basic Principles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microorganisms | |
| |
| |
| What Is a Microorganism? | |
| |
| |
| The Study of Microorganisms Requires a Unique Way of Working | |
| |
| |
| The Discovery of Microorganisms and the Development of Microbiology | |
| |
| |
| Careers in Microbiology Today | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cells | |
| |
| |
| Basic Components of All Cells | |
| |
| |
| Procaryotic Cells | |
| |
| |
| Eucaryotic Cells | |
| |
| |
| Microscopy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Growth and Metabolism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Growth | |
| |
| |
| Growth and Reproduction | |
| |
| |
| Requirements for Microbial Growth | |
| |
| |
| Manipulating Microbial Growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Metabolism: Energy Conservation | |
| |
| |
| The Importance of Electrons | |
| |
| |
| Energy Is Conserved as ATP | |
| |
| |
| Enzymes Are Needed to Release and Store Energy | |
| |
| |
| Mechanisms of Energy Conservation | |
| |
| |
| Types of Microbial Energy Conservation | |
| |
| |
| Energy Conservation and Microbial Identification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Metabolism: Biosynthesis | |
| |
| |
| Major Biosynthetic Needs | |
| |
| |
| Where Do Biosynthetic Building Blocks Come From? | |
| |
| |
| Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids | |
| |
| |
| Biosynthesis of Proteins | |
| |
| |
| Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides | |
| |
| |
| Biosynthesis of Lipids | |
| |
| |
| Autotrophic Carbon Dioxide Fixation | |
| |
| |
| Metabolic Connections | |
| |
| |
| |
| Controlling Microbial Growth | |
| |
| |
| An Overview of Microbial Growth | |
| |
| |
| Effectiveness of Control Methods | |
| |
| |
| Physical Control Methods | |
| |
| |
| Chemical Control Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Genetics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Genetics: Basic Considerations | |
| |
| |
| A Brief Review | |
| |
| |
| Genotype and Phenotype | |
| |
| |
| Structure of DNA | |
| |
| |
| Mutation | |
| |
| |
| DNA Replication | |
| |
| |
| Damage and Repair of DNA | |
| |
| |
| Regulation of Genes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Genetics: Gene Transfer | |
| |
| |
| Recombination | |
| |
| |
| Gene Transfer in Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Movable Genes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Genetics: Genetic Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Recombinant DNA Technology | |
| |
| |
| Applications of Genetic Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Concerns about Genetic Engineering | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Microorganisms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification of Microorganisms | |
| |
| |
| Objectives of Classification | |
| |
| |
| The Position of Microorganisms in the Living World | |
| |
| |
| Principles of Taxonomy | |
| |
| |
| Traits Used to Classify Microorganisms | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of Bacterial Classification | |
| |
| |
| Traits Used to Classify Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Gram-negative Eubacteria That Have Cell Walls | |
| |
| |
| Gram-positive Eubacteria That Have Cell Walls | |
| |
| |
| Eubacteria Lacking Cell Walls | |
| |
| |
| The Archaeobacteria | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Protists and Fungi | |
| |
| |
| Taxonomy of Protists and Fungi | |
| |
| |
| The Kingdom Protista | |
| |
| |
| The Kingdom Fungi | |
| |
| |
| |
| Viruses | |
| |
| |
| Structure of Viruses | |
| |
| |
| Classification of Viruses | |
| |
| |
| Families of Vertebrate Viruses | |
| |
| |
| How Viruses Reproduce | |
| |
| |
| Persistence of Viruses in Cells | |
| |
| |
| Viruses and Cancer | |
| |
| |
| Growing Viruses in the Laboratory | |
| |
| |
| The Concept of a Virus | |
| |
| |
| Subviral Agents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pathogenesis and Immunity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Pathogenicity | |
| |
| |
| Relationships with Microorganisms | |
| |
| |
| The Mechanisms of Virulence | |
| |
| |
| The Genetics of Virulence | |
| |
| |
| Drug Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
| Epidemiology Defined | |
| |
| |
| Types of Numerical Data | |
| |
| |
| Descriptive Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
| Analytical Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
| Proving That Microorganisms Cause Disease: Koch's Postulates | |
| |
| |
| |
| Natural Immunity | |
| |
| |
| General Concepts of Immunity | |
| |
| |
| Mechanisms of Natural Immunity | |
| |
| |
| Pathogens Adapt to Natural Immunity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acquired Immunity | |
| |
| |
| An Overview of Acquired Immunity | |
| |
| |
| Lymphocytes | |
| |
| |
| Antibody-Mediated Immunity | |
| |
| |
| Cell-Mediated Immunity | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Immune System | |
| |
| |
| Laboratory Applications of Antigen-Antibody Interactions | |
| |
| |
| Immunization | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| |
| Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Overview of Diseases Caused by Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal ("Staph") Food Poisoning | |
| |
| |
| Clostridium botulinum and Botulism | |
| |
| |
| Other Endospore-Forming Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Other Gram-Positive Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Other Gram-Negative Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Foodborne and Waterborne Viruses | |
| |
| |
| Foodborne and Waterborne Animal-like Protists (Protozoa) | |
| |
| |
| Poisonous Fungi | |
| |
| |
| Plant-like Protists (Algae) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Airborne Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| General Concepts of Airborne Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| The Major Airborne Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Preventing Diseases Caused by Airborne Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Airborne Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Airborne Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Airborne Viruses | |
| |
| |
| Airborne Fungal Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sexually Transmitted Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| General Concepts of Sexually Transmitted Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| The Major Sexually Transmitted Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Bacterial Pathogens Transmitted Sexually | |
| |
| |
| Sexually Transmitted Viral Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Sexually Transmitted Protists: Trichomonas vaginalis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact | |
| |
| |
| General Concepts of Pathogens Transmitted by Close Personal Contact | |
| |
| |
| The Major Pathogens Transmitted by Direct Contact | |
| |
| |
| Preventing Diseases Spread by Close, Person-to-Person Contact | |
| |
| |
| Bacterial Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact | |
| |
| |
| Viral Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact | |
| |
| |
| Fungal Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-To-Person Contact | |
| |
| |
| |
| Zoonoses and Arthropodborne Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| General Concepts of Zoonoses | |
| |
| |
| Zoonoses Caused by Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Zoonoses Caused by Viruses | |
| |
| |
| Animal-like Protists Causing Zoonoses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wound Infections | |
| |
| |
| Types of Wounds | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Wound Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Factors Contributing to Wound Infections | |
| |
| |
| Major Wound Pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Preventing and Treating Wound Infections | |
| |
| |
| Risk of Injection (Intravenous) Drug Use | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nosocomial Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Historical Recognition of Hospital-Acquired Infections | |
| |
| |
| The Nature of Nosocomial Infections | |
| |
| |
| Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections | |
| |
| |
| Controlling Nosocomial Infections | |
| |
| |
| |
| Final Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Food Microbiology and Industrial Microbiology | |
| |
| |
| Food Microbiology | |
| |
| |
| Industrial Microbiology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Ecology | |
| |
| |
| Ecological Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| Types of Microbial Interactions | |
| |
| |
| Microbial Habitats | |
| |
| |
| Biogeochemical Roles of Microorganisms | |
| |
| |
| Microbiological Aspects of Pollution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bacterial Classification Schemes: Classification of Bacteria According to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Virus Families (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Visualizing Information and Relationships: Organizational Charts, Flow Diagrams, and Concept Maps | |
| |
| |
| |
| Metric Measurements and Conversions | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |