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| General Overview | |
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| References | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Measures of Location | |
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| Some Properties of the Arithmetic Mean | |
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| Measures of Spread | |
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| Some Properties of the Variance and Standard Deviation | |
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| The Coefficient of Variation | |
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| Grouped Data | |
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| Graphic Methods | |
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| Case Study: Effects of Lead Exposure on Neurological and Psychological Function in Children | |
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| Case Study: Effects of Tobacco Use of Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged Women | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Probability | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition of Probability | |
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| Some Useful Probabilistic Notation | |
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| The Multiplication Law of Probability | |
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| The Addition Law of Probability | |
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| Conditional Probability | |
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| Bayes'' Rule and Screening Tests | |
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| Prevalence and Incidence | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Discrete Probability Distributions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Random Variables | |
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| The Probability Mass Function for a Discrete Random Variable | |
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| The Expected Value of a Discrete Random Variable | |
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| The Variance of a Discrete Random Variable | |
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| The Cumulative-Distribution Function of a Discrete Random Variable | |
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| Permutations and Combinations | |
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| The Binomial Distribution | |
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| Expected Value and Variance of the Binomial Distribution | |
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| The Poisson Distribution | |
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| Computation of Poisson Probabilities | |
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| Expected Value and Variance of the Poisson Distribution | |
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| Poisson Approximation to the Binomial Distribution | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Continuous Probability Distributions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| General Concepts | |
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| The Normal Distribution | |
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| Properties of the Standard Normal Distribution | |
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| Conversion from an N([mean], [variance]) Distribution to an N(0, 1) Distribution | |
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| Linear Combinations of Random Variables | |
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| Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution | |
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| Normal Approximation to the Poisson Distribution | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Estimation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Relationship Between Population and Sample | |
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| Random-Number Tables | |
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| Randomized Clinical Trials | |
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| Estimation of the Mean of a Distribution | |
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| Case Study: Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Among Middle-Aged Women | |
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| Estimation of the Variance of a Distribution | |
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| Estimation for the Binomial Distribution | |
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| Estimation for the Poisson Distribution | |
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| One-Sided Confidence Intervals | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Hypothesis Testing: One-Sample Inference | |
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| Introduction | |
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| General Concepts | |
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| One-Sample Test for the Mean of a Normal Distribution: One-Sided Alternatives | |
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| One-Sample Test for the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Two-Sided Alternatives | |
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| The Power of a Test | |
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| Sample-Size Determination | |
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| The Relationship Between Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals | |
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| One-Sample Chi-Squared Test for the Variance of a Normal Distribution | |
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| One-Sample Test for a Binomial Proportion | |
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| One-Sample Inference for the Poisson Distribution | |
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| Case Study: Effects of Tobacco Use on Bone-Mineral Density in Middle-Aged Women | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Hypothesis Testing: Two-Sample Inference | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Paired t Test | |
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| Interval Estimation for the Comparison of Means from Two Paired Samples | |
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| Two-Sample t Test for Independent Samples with Equal Variances | |
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| Interval Estimation for the Comparison of Means from Two Independent Samples (Equal Variance Case) | |
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| Testing for the Equality of Two Variances | |
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| Two-Sample t Test for Independent Samples with Unequal Variances | |
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| Case Study: Effects of Lead Exposure on Neurological and Psychological Function in Children | |
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| The Treatment of Outliers | |
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| Estimation of Sample Size and Power for Comparing Two Means | |
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| Sample-Size Estimation for Longitudinal Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Nonparametric Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Sign Test | |
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| The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test | |
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| The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test | |
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| Case Study: Effects of Lead Exposure on Neurological and Psychological Function in Children | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Hypothesis Testing: Categorical Data | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Two-Sample Test for Binomial Proportions | |
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| Fisher''s Exact Test | |
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| Two-Sample Test | |