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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Earth and Its Environment | |
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| Earth Science: A Study of Earth Systems | |
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| A Revolution in the Earth Sciences | |
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| Earth Science and the Scientific Method | |
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| Earth Science and Society | |
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| Goals for the Rest of the Book | |
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| Foundations and the solid earth | |
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| Earth materials: minerals and rocks | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Minerals | |
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| Rocks | |
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| Revisiting the Rocks Cycle | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Geologic time and the age of the earth | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| The Vastness of Geologic Time | |
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| A Short History of Geologic Time | |
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| Relative Dating | |
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| Relative Time and the Geologic Time Scale | |
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| How Old Is the Earth?: The Quest for an Absolute Age | |
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| Radiometric Dating | |
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| Absolute Time and the Geologic Time Scale | |
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| A Sense of Time | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Plate tectonics: development of a theory | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Continental Drift | |
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| Paleomagnetism and Sea Floor Spreading | |
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| Subduction: Where Does the Old Ocean Crust Go? | |
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| Plate Tectonics | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Plate tectonics: plates and plate boundaries | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Moving Plates | |
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| The Structure of Plates | |
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| Buoyancy and the Principle of Isostasy | |
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| Plate Boundaries | |
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| Plate Driving Mechanisms | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Mountains and volcanoes | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Mountains at Divergent Margins | |
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| Mountains with Oceanic Plates | |
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| Mountains Produced By Subduction | |
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| Mountains Produced by Collision | |
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| Mountains Produced along Transform Faults | |
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| Mountains in the Past | |
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| Mountain Building and Deformation of Rocks | |
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| Mountain Building and Geologic Maps | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| The earth's interior | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Clues from Heat and Density | |
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| Earthquake Waves | |
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| Journey to the Center of the Earth | |
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| Circulation in the Earth's Interior | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| The hydrosphere: the origin and motion of water on our planet | |
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| Ocean water | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Water Molecule | |
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| The Hydrologic Cycle | |
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| Sea Level | |
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| Ocean Basins and Plate Tectonics | |
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| Composition of Ocean Water | |
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| Why Is Ocean Water Salty? The Relationship between Composition and Source Region | |
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| The Origin of Ocean Waters | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Circulation of ocean water | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Waves | |
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| Coastal Regions | |
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| Tides | |
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| A General Overview of Ocean Water Circulation | |
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| Vertical Profiles of Ocean Water | |
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| Ocean Currents | |
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| Putting it All Together: El Nino | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Fresh water | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Hydrologic Cycle and the Water Budget | |
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| Global Precipitation Patterns | |
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| Groundwater | |
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| Surface Water | |
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| Human Exploitation of Fresh Water | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| The atmosphere: the air we breathe | |
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| The atmosphere | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Introduction: The Composition of the Atmosphere | |
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| Interaction between Water and Air | |
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| The Layers of the Atmosphere | |
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| Weather and Climate | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Circulation of the atmosphere | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Atmosphere Circulation | |
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| Storms | |
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| Persistent Global Atmospheric Circulation Patterns | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| The evolution of the earth systems and the biosphere | |
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| Evolution Of The Earth Systems I: The Precambrian | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Principles in the Earth's Evolution | |
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| Earth Systems in the Hadean and Archean | |
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| Earth Systems in the Proterozoic | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms and Concepts | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Evolution Of The Earth Systems II: The Phanerozoic | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Introduction: Geologic Time Scale Re | |