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| Preludes | |
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| Nature and Mathematics: Physics as Natural Philosophy | |
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| Contemporary Physics: Classical and Modern | |
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| Standards for Measurement | |
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| Units of Convenience and Unit Conversions | |
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| The Meaning of the Word Dimension | |
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| The Various Meanings of the Equal Sign | |
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| Estimation and Order of Magnitude | |
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| The Distinction Between Precision and Accuracy | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| A Mathematical Toolbox: An Introduction to Vector Analysis | |
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| Scalar and Vector Quantities | |
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| Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar | |
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| Parallel Transport of Vectors | |
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| Vector Addition by Geometric Methods: Tail-to-Tip Method | |
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| Determining Whether a Quantity is a Vector | |
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| Vector Difference by Geometric Methods | |
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| The Scalar Product of Two Vectors | |
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| The Cartesian Coordinate System and the Cartesian Unit Vectors | |
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| The Cartesian Representation of Any Vector | |
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| Multiplication of a Vector Expressed in Cartesian Form by a Scalar | |
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| Expressing Vector Addition and Subtraction in Cartesian Form | |
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| The Scalar Product of Two Vectors Expressed in Cartesian Form | |
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| Determining the Angle Between Two Vectors Expressed in Cartesian Form | |
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| Equality of Two Vectors | |
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| Vector Equations | |
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| The Vector Product of Two Vectors | |
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| The Vector Product of Two Vectors Expressed in Cartesian Form | |
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| Variation of a Vector | |
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| Some Aspects of Vector Calculus | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| Kinematics I: Rectilinear Motion | |
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| Rectilinear Motion | |
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| Position and Changes in Position | |
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| Average Speed and Average Velocity | |
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| Instantaneous Speed and Instantaneous Velocity | |
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| Average Acceleration | |
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| Instantaneous Acceleration | |
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| Rectilinear Motion with a Constant Acceleration | |
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| Geometric Interpretations | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| Kinematics II: Motion in Two and Three Dimensions | |
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| The Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors in Two Dimensions | |
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| Two-Dimensional Motion with a Constant Acceleration | |
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| Motion in Three Dimensions | |
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| Relative Velocity Addition and Accelerations | |
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| Uniform Circular Motion: A First Look | |
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| The Angular Velocity Vector | |
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| The Geometry and Coordinates for Describing Circular Motion | |
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| The Position Vector for Circular Motion | |
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| The Velocity and Angular Velocity in Circular Motion | |
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| Uniform Circular Motion Revisited | |
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| Nonuniform Circular Motion and the Angular Acceleration | |
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| Nonuniform Circular Motion with a Constant Angular Acceleration | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| Newton's Laws of Motion | |
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| Fundamental Particles | |
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| The Fundamental Forces of Nature | |
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| Newton's First Law of Motion and a Qualitative Conception of Force | |
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| The Concept of Force and Its Measurement | |
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| Newton's Second Law of Motion | |
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| Newton's Third Law of Motion | |
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| Limitations to Applying Newton's Laws of Motion | |
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| Inertial Reference Frames: Do They Really Exist? | |
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| Second Law and Third Law Force Diagrams | |
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| Weight and the Normal Force of a Surface | |
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| Tension in Ropes, Strings, or Cables | |
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| Static Friction | |
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| Kinetic Friction at Low Speeds | |
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| Kinetic Friction Proportional to the Particle Speed | |
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| Fundamental Forces and Other Forces Revisited | |
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| Noninertial Reference Frames | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| The Gravitational Force and the Gravitational Field | |
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| How Did Newton Deduce the Gravitational Force Law? | |
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| Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation | |
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| Gravitational Force of a Uniform Spherical Shell on a Particle | |
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| Gravitational Force of a Uniform Sphere on a Particle | |
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| Measuring the Mass of the Earth | |
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| Artificial Satellites of the Earth | |
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| Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion and the Geometry of Ellipses | |
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| Spatial Average Position of a Planet in an Elliptical Orbit | |
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| Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion | |
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| Central Forces, Orbital Angular Momentum, and Kepler's Second Law | |
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| Newton's Form for Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion | |
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| Customized Units | |
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| The Gravitational Field | |
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| The Flux of a Vector | |
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| Gauss's Law for the Gravitational Field | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| Hooke's Force Law and Simple Harmonic Oscillation | |
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| Hooke's Force Law | |
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| Simple Harmonic Oscillation | |
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| A Vertically Oriented Spring | |
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| Connection Between Simple Harmonic Oscillation and Uniform Circular Motion | |
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| How to Determine Whether an Oscillatory Motion is Simple Harmonic Motion | |
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| The Simple Pendulum | |
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| Through a Fictional Earth in 42 Minutes | |
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| Damped Oscillations | |
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| Forced Oscillations and Resonance | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| Work, Energy, and the CWE Theorem | |
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| Motivation for Introducing the Concepts of Work and Energy | |
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| The Work Done by Any Force | |
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| The Work Done by a Constant Force | |
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| The Work Done by the Total Force | |
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| Geometric Interpretation of the Work Done by a Force | |
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| Conservative, Nonconservative, and Zero-Work Forces | |
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| Examples of Conservative, Nonconservative, and Zero-Work Forces | |
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| The Concept of Potential Energy | |
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| The Gravitational Potential Energy of a System near the Surface of the Earth | |
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| The General Form for the Gravitational Potential Energy | |
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| The Relationship Between the Local Form for the Gravitational Potential Energy and the More General Form | |
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| The Potential Energy Function Associated with Hooke's Force Law | |
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| The CWE Theorem | |
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| The Escape Speed | |
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| Black Holes | |
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| Limitations of the CWE Theorem: Two Paradoxical Examples | |
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| The Simple Harmonic Oscillator Revisited | |
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| The Average and Instantaneous Power of a Force | |
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| The Power of the Total Force Acting on a System | |
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| Motion Under the Influence of Conservative Forces Only: Energy Diagrams | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| fImpulse, Momentum, and Collisions | |
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| Momentum and Newton's Second Law of Motion | |
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| Impulse-Momentum Theorem | |
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| The Rocket: A System with Variable Mass | |
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| Conservation of Momentum | |
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| Collisions | |
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| Disintegrations and Explosions | |
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| The Centripetal Acceleration Revisited | |
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| An Alternative Way to Look at Force Transmission | |
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| The Center of Mass | |
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| Dynamics of a System of Particles | |
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| Kinetic Energy of a System of Particles | |
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| The Velocity of the Center of Mass for Collisions | |
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| The Center of Mass Reference Frame | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| fSpin and Orbital Motion | |
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| The Distinction Between Spin and Orbital Motion | |
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| The Orbital Angular Momentum of a Particle | |
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| The Circular Orbital Motion of a Single Particle | |
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| Noncircular Orbital Motion | |
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| Rigid Bodies and Symmetry Axes | |
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| Spin Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body | |
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| The Time Rate of Change of the Spin Angular Momentum | |
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| The Moment of Inertia of Various Rigid Bodies | |
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| The Kinetic Energy of a Spinning System | |
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| Spin Distorts the Shape of the Earth | |
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| The Precession of a Rapidly Spinning Top | |
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| The Precession of the Spinning Earth | |
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| Simultaneous Spin and Orbital Motion | |
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| Synchronous Rotation and the Parallel Axis Theorem | |
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| Rolling Motion Without Slipping | |
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| Wheels | |
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| Total Angular Momentum and Torque | |
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| Conservation of Angular Momentum | |
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| Conditions for Static Equilibrium | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| fSolids and Fluids | |
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| States of Matter | |
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| Stress, Strain, and Young's Modulus for Solids | |
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| Fluid Pressure | |
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| Static Fluids | |
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| Pascal's Principle | |
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| Archimedes' Principle | |
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| The Center of Buoyancy | |
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| Surface Tension | |
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| Capillary Action | |
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| Fluid Dynamics: Ideal Fluids | |
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| Equation of Flow Continuity | |
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| Bernoulli's Principle for Incompressible Ideal Fluids | |
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| Nonideal Fluids | |
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| Viscous Flow | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| fWaves | |
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| What is a Wave? | |
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| Longitudinal and Transverse Waves | |
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| Wavefunctions, Waveforms, and Oscillations | |
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| Waves Propagating in One, Two, and Three Dimensions | |
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| One-Dimensional Waves Moving at Constant Velocity | |
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| The Classical Wave Equation for One-Dimensional Waves | |
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| Periodic Waves | |
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| Sinusoidal (Harmonic) Waves | |
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| Waves on a String | |
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| Reflection and Transmission of Waves | |
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| Energy Transport Via Mechanical Waves | |
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| Wave Intensity | |
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| What is a Sound Wave? | |
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| Sound Intensity and Sound Level | |
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| The Acoustic Doppler Effect | |
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| Shock Waves | |
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| Diffraction of Waves | |
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| The Principle of Superposition | |
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| Standing Waves | |
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| Wave Groups and Beats | |
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| Fourier Analysis and the Uncertainty Principles | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| fTemperature, Heat Transfer, and the First Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| Simple Thermodynamic Systems | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Work, Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium | |
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| The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| Thermometers and Temperature Scales | |
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| Temperature Conversions Between the Fahrenheit and Celsius Scales | |
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| Thermal Effects in Solids and Liquids: Size | |
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| Thermal Effects in Ideal Gases | |
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| Calorimetry | |
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| Reservoirs | |
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| Mechanisms for Heat Transfer | |
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| Thermodynamic Processes | |
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| Energy Conservation: The First Law of Thermodynamics and the CWE Theorem | |
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| The Connection Between the CWE Theorem and the General Statement of Energy Conservation | |
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| Work Done by a System on Its Surroundings | |
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| Work Done by a Gas Taken Around a Cycle | |
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| Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics: Changes of State | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| fKinetic Theory | |
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| Background for the Kinetic Theory of Gases | |
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| The Ideal Gas Approximation | |
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| The Pressure of an Ideal Gas | |
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| The Meaning of the Absolute Temperature | |
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| The Internal Energy of an Monatomic Ideal Gas | |
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| The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas | |
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| Complications Arise for Diatomic and Polyatomic Gases | |
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| Degrees of Freedom and the Equipartition of Energy Theorem | |
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| Specific Heat of a Solid | |
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| Some Failures of Classical Kinetic Theory | |
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| Quantum Mechanical Effects | |
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| An Adiabatic Process for an Ideal Gas | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |
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| fThe Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| Why Do Some Things Happen, While Others Do Not? | |
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| Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| The Carnot Heat Engine and Its Efficiency | |
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| Absolute Zero and the Third Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| Refrigerator Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| The Carnot Refrigerator Engine | |
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| The Efficiency of Real Heat Engines and Refrigerator Engines | |
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| A New Concept: Entropy | |
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| Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| The Direction of Heat Transfer: A Consequence of the Second Law | |
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| A Statistical Interpretation of the Entropy | |
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| Entropy Maximization and the Arrow of Time | |
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| Extensive and Intensive State Variables | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Summary of Problem-Solving Tactics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Investigative Projects | |