Komatiite

Name: Komatiite
Price: 120.41 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780521874748

ISBN-10: 0521874742

ISBN-13: 9780521874748

Edition: 2008

Authors: Nicholas Arndt, C. Michael Lesher, Steve Barnes

List price: $160.00

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Description:

Komatiites erupted billions of years ago as pulsating streams of white-hot lava. Their unusual chemical compositions and exceptionally high formation temperatures produced highly fluid lava that crystallized as spectacular layered flows. Investigation of the extreme conditions in which komatiites formed provides important evidence about the thermal and chemical evolution of the planet, and the nature of the Precambrian mantle. This monograph, written by three experts with long experience in the field, presents a complete account of the characteristics of komatiites including their volcanic structures, textures, mineralogy and chemical compositions. Models for their formation and eruption…

Book details

List price: $160.00
Copyright year: 2008
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Publication date: 7/3/2008
Binding: Hardcover
Pages: 488
Size: 7.09" wide x 9.96" long x 1.06" tall
Weight: 2.420

Nicholas Arndt was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in Canada in 1975. Following academic positions in the United States, Canada and Germany and at the Universitï¿½ de Rennes, France, he moved in 1999 to the Universitï¿½ de Grenoble where he is Professor of Petrology-Geochemistry. Professor Arndt's research interests include petrology and geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks, magmatic ore deposits, and the early-Earth environment. He is Director of the European Science Foundation 'Archean Environment: the Habitat of Early Life' program and a founding editor of eEarth, an online journal of the European Geosciences Union.

Michael Lesher is Professor of Economic Geology and Research Chair in the Mineral Exploration Research Centre and Department of Earth Sciencesat Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. He works on the petrogenesis and physical volcanology of komatiites and associated magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE deposits.



Preface



Background information - description of the field characteristics, mineralogy and geochemistry of komatiites



A brief history of komatiite studies and a discussion of komatiite nomenclature



The discovery and early investigations of komatiite



More recent studies



Nomenclature



Komatiite lithofacies



Conclusion



Brief descriptions of six classic komatiite occurrences



Introduction



Komatiites in the Barberton greenstone belt



Komatiites in the Abitibi greenstone belt



Ore-bearing komatiites at Kambalda



Komatiitic basalts on Gilmour Island



Karasjok-type Fe-Ti-rich komatiites and picrites in Fennoscandia



Komatiites and picrites from Gorgona Island



Field characteristics, textures and structures



Introduction



Types of komatiite flows



Dimensions of komatiite flows



Spinifex texture



Textural variations in layered komatiite flows



Komatiite flows without spinifex textures



Flows with thin spinifex layers



Thick dunitic units



Pillowed komatiites



Volcaniclastic komatiites



Komatiitic basalts



Intrusive komatiites



Mineralogy



Introduction



Primary minerals



Secondary minerals



Summary



Geochemistry



Introduction



Olivine fractionation in komatiites



Mobile and immobile elements: the olivine control line criterion



Mobility of Mg



Other approaches used to demonstrate element mobility



Other types of mobile element behaviour



Igneous chemistry of komatiites



Igneous chemistry of komatiitic basalts



Isotopic compositions of komatiites



Introduction



The Rb-Sr system



The Sm-Nd system



U-Pb and Pb-Pb methods



The Re-Os system



The Lu-Hf system



Helium isotopes



Stable isotopes



Conclusions emerging from the isotopic compositions of komatiites



Experimental petrology



Introduction



Experiments at 1 atm pressure



Partition coefficients from experimental studies



Experiments at moderate pressures (1-4 GPa)



High-pressure experiments on komatiites



Trace-element partitioning at high pressures



Dynamic cooling experiments



Huppert and Sparks' experiments



Summary and implications for komatiite petrogenesis



Interpretation - the manner of emplacement, the origin and the tectonic setting of komatiites



Physical properties of komatiites



Introduction



Temperature



Crystallization interval



Viscosity



Density



Other thermal properties



Physical volcanology (by S.J. Barnes and C.M. Lesher)



Introduction



Nomenclature and terminology



Komatiite facies



Komatiite flows and flow fields: size, structure and emplacement processes



Crystallization of komatiite liquids and the origin of distinctive komatiite textures



Models for the emplacement and solidification of komatiite flows



What did komatiite volcanoes look like?



Concluding comments



Komatiite-associated Ni-Cu-PGE deposits (by C.M. Lesher and S.J. Barnes)



Introduction



General characteristics



Type I deposits



Type II deposits



Type V deposits



Compositions of komatiite-hosted sulfide ores



Origin of komatiite-associated ores



Exploration guidelines



The hydrous komatiite hypothesis



Introduction



Development of the hypothesis



Extrusive Barberton komatiites: papers by J. Dann published in 2000 and 2001



Elaboration of the subduction zone model: papers by Parman et al. and Grove and Parman published between 2001 and 2004



Other papers discussing the hydrous komatiite model



A critical evaluation of the hydrous komatiite model



Compositions and eruption temperatures of komatiitic liquids



Introduction



Methods used to estimate liquid compositions



Petrogenesis of komatiite



Nature of the komatiite source



What does it take to make an ultramafic magma?



Conditions of melting



The formation of various types of komatiite



The formation of komatiitic and tholeiitic basalts



Summary



Geodynamic setting



Introduction



The geodynamic setting of Archean greenstone belts



A mantle plume does not know what it will meet at the surface



Passage through the lithosphere



The setting of komatiitic volcanism



Conclusions


References


General index


Localities