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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The need for restoration | |
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| The problem | |
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| Human modifications | |
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| Values, goods, and services of beaches and dunes | |
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| The need for restoring beaches and dunes | |
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| Definitions and approaches to restoration | |
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| The elusiveness of a time-dependent target state | |
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| Types of restoration projects | |
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| Scope of book | |
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| Beach nourishment and impacts | |
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| The potential for restoration | |
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| General design considerations | |
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| Sediment characteristics | |
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| Potential negative impacts of nourishment operations | |
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| Alternative practices to minimize environmental losses and enhance values | |
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| Alternative designs for beach fills | |
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| Restoring sediment characteristics | |
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| Monitoring and adaptive management | |
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| Concluding statement | |
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| Dune building practices and impacts | |
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| Characteristics of human-altered dunes | |
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| Dunes built by aeolian transport from nourished beaches | |
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| Building dunes by deposit of fill from external sources | |
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| Building dunes by beach scraping | |
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| Building dunes using sand fences | |
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| Building dunes using vegetation | |
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| Building dunes using multiple strategies | |
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| Concluding statement | |
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| Restoring processes, structure, and functions | |
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| Increasing complexity and dynamism | |
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| The issue of dynamism | |
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| Altering or removing shore protection structures | |
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| Restricting beach raking | |
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| Restricting driving on beaches and dunes | |
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| Removing or altering sand-trapping fences | |
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| Protecting endangered species | |
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| Altering growing conditions | |
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| Replacing vegetation | |
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| Restoring slacks | |
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| Allowing time for naturalization | |
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| Determining appropriate levels of dynamism | |
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| Offsite activities | |
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| Concluding statement | |
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| Options in spatially restricted environments | |
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| Alternative restoration outcomes | |
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| Natural gradient | |
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| Truncated gradient | |
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| Compressed gradient | |
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| Expanded gradient | |
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| Fragmented and decoupled gradients | |
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| Implications | |
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| A locally based program for beach and dune restoration | |
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| The need for local action | |
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| Gaining acceptance for natural landforms and habitats | |
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| Identifying reference conditions | |
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| Establishing demonstration sites | |
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| Developing guidelines and protocols | |
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| Developing and implementing public education programs | |
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| Maintaining and evaluating restored environments | |
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| Stakeholder interests, conflicts, and co-operation | |
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| Obtaining public support | |
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| The need for compromise solutions | |
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| Contrasts in stakeholder perceptions and values | |
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| Stakeholder actions | |
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| The resulting landscape | |
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| Research needs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Nourishing beaches | |
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| Building dunes | |
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| Accommodating or controlling dynamism | |
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| Options in spatially restricted environments | |
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| Addressing stakeholder concerns and needs | |
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| Maintaining and evaluating restored environments | |
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| Concluding statement | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |