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| Introduction: Cell Mechanisms and Cell Biology | |
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| A different kind of science | |
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| The organization of science into disciplines | |
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| The new discipline of cell biology | |
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| Explaining Cellular Phenomena through Mechanisms | |
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| Historical conceptions of mechanism | |
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| Twentieth century conceptions of mechanism | |
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| Current conceptions of mechanisms | |
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| Representing and reasoning about mechanisms | |
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| Levels of organization and reduction | |
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| Organization: from Cartesian to biological mechanisms | |
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| Discovering and testing models of mechanisms | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The Locus of Cell Mechanisms: Terra Incognita Between Cytology and Biochemistry | |
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| Cytological contributions to discovering cell mechanisms up to 1940 | |
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| Biochemical contributions to discovering cell mechanisms up to 1940 | |
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| The need to enter the Terra Incognita between cytology and biochemistry | |
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| Creating New Instruments and Research Techniques to Study Cell Mechanisms | |
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| The epistemology of evidence: judging artifacts | |
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| The ultracentrifuge and cell fractionation | |
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| The electron microscope and electron microscopy | |
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| A case study of an artifact charge | |
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| Equipped with new instruments and techniques to enter Terra Incognita | |
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| Entering the Terra Incognita Between Biochemistry and Cytology | |
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| First steps towards cell biology at the Rockefeller Institute: Claude's introduction of cell fractionation | |
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| Robert Bensley: an alternative approach to fractionalism | |
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| Competing interpretations of fractions from normal cells | |
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| Linking Claude's microsomes to protein synthesis | |
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| Adding a biochemical perspective to the Rockefeller Laboratory | |
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| Adding electron microscopy as a tool | |
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| The state of cell studies at the end of the 1940's | |
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| New Knowledge: the Mechanisms of the Cytoplasm | |
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| The mitochondrion | |
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| Microsomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes | |
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| Two additional organelles | |
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| Giving cell biology an institutional identity | |