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| Preface | |
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| The nature of biotechnology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is biotechnology? | |
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| Biotechnology: an interdisciplinary pursuit | |
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| Biotechnology: a three-component central core | |
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| Product safety | |
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| Public perception of biotechnology | |
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| Biotechnology and the developing world | |
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| Biomass: a biotechnology substrate? | |
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| A biomass strategy | |
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| Natural raw materials | |
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| Availability of by-products | |
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| Raw materials and the future of biotechnology | |
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| Genetics and biotechnology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Industrial genetics | |
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| Protoplast and cell fusion technologies | |
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| Genetic engineering | |
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| The polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing | |
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| Nucleic acid probes | |
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| Genomics and proteomics | |
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| Antisense and RNA interference | |
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| Systems biology | |
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| Potential laboratory biohazards of genetic engineering | |
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| Bioprocess/fermentation technology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Principles of microbial growth | |
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| The bioreactor | |
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| Scale-up | |
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| Media design for fermentation processes | |
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| Solid substrate fermentation | |
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| Technology of mammalian and plant cell culture | |
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| Metabolic engineering | |
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| Downstream processing | |
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| Enzyme technology | |
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| The nature of enzymes | |
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| The application of enzymes | |
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| Selection and development of producer strains for enzyme production | |
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| The technology of enzyme production | |
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| Immobilised enzymes | |
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| Biological fuel generation | |
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| Global warming and the significance of fossil fuels | |
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| Photosynthesis: the ultimate energy source | |
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| Biofuels from biomass | |
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| Bioethanol from biomass | |
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| Biodiesel | |
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| Methane | |
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| Hydrogen | |
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| The way ahead for biofuels | |
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| Contrasting views on climate change | |
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| Environmental biotechnology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Microbial ecology/environmental biotechnology | |
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| Waste water and sewage treatment | |
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| Landfill technologies | |
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| Composting | |
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| Bioremediation | |
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| Detection and monitoring of pollutants | |
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| Microbes and the geological environment | |
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| Environmental sustainability and clean technology | |
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| Plant and forest biotechnology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Plant biotechnology | |
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| Forest biotechnology | |
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| Animal and insect biotechnology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Genetic manipulation and transgenic animals | |
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| Genetically engineered hormones and vaccines | |
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| Animal organs for human patients | |
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| Genetically modified insects | |
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| A look to the future | |
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| Diagnostics in plant and animal agriculture | |
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| Food and beverage biotechnology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Food and beverage fermentations | |
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| Microorganisms as food | |
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| Enzymes and food processing | |
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| Amino acids, vitamins and sweeteners | |
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| Organic acids and polysaccharides | |
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| Rapid diagnostics | |
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| Bioprocess technology | |
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| Public acceptance and safety of new biotechnology foods | |
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| Biotechnology and medicine | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals | |
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| Antibiotics | |
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| Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies | |
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| Biopharmaceuticals/therapeutic proteins | |
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| Pharmacogenetics | |
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| Molecular biology and human disease | |
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| Diagnostics in developing countries | |
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| Gene therapy | |
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| Systems biology and medicine | |
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| Stem cell biotechnology | |
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| The nature of stem cells | |
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| Stem cell cultivation | |
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| Human-animal embryos | |
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| Commercial potential for stem cell therapies | |
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| Protection of biotechnological inventions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Patent protection | |
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| Trade secrets | |
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| Plant breeders' rights | |
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| Safety in biotechnology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Concepts of hazard and risk | |
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| Problems of organism pathogenicity | |
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| Problems of biologically active biotechnology products | |
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| Biowarfare and bioterrorism | |
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| Public perception of biotechnology: genetic engineering - safety, social, moral and ethical considerations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Release of genetically manipulated organisms into the environment | |
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| Genetic modification and food uses | |
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| The applications of human genetic research | |
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| Looking to the future | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Index | |