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Preface and acknowledgements | |
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List of abbreviations | |
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Table of cases | |
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Table of legislation | |
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Introduction | |
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Prospectus disclosure in a wider institutional context | |
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Actors and institutions | |
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Introduction | |
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Policy-and rule-making actors | |
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Level 1 decision-making | |
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Level 2 decison-making | |
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Comitology prior to the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty | |
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Delegated and implementing acts under the Lisbon Treaty | |
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Collective securities actors | |
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CESR | |
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The nature and organisation of CESR | |
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Problems with CESR | |
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The absence of legally binding powers | |
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Adverse behaviour | |
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ESMA | |
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Beginnings: the de Larosi�re proposals | |
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Establishing ESMA: Constitutional limits | |
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The nature and organisation of ESMA | |
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Tasks and functions | |
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National securities authorities | |
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Conclusion: evolutionary or revolutionary change? | |
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Prospecuts disclosure regulation | |
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Introduction | |
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(Maximum) harmonisation | |
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Indroduction | |
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Harmonisation and prospectus disclosure | |
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Obligation to draw up a prospectus | |
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Scope and exceptions | |
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scope | |
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Exceptions | |
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Content, format and validity of the prospectus | |
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Content | |
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Factors affecting the disclosure content of a prospectus | |
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How to deal with increasingly complex disclosure | |
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Formats | |
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Prospectus formats | |
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Summaries | |
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Formats for correcting or updating prospectus disclosure | |
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Validity of the prospectus | |
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Incorporation by reference | |
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Omission of information | |
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Main issues | |
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Grounds for omitting information | |
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Omission of information under the PD | |
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Omission of information under the PR | |
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The use of the rules governing disclosure omissions as a 'short-term fix' | |
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Language requirements | |
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Obligation to seek prior approval with the competent authority of the home Member State | |
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Obligation to publish a prospectus and comply with the PD's provisions relating to advertisement | |
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Obligation to publish a prospectus | |
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Publication arrangements | |
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Ensuring access to the prospectus and the integrity of the information | |
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Exemptions from the obligation to publish a prospectus | |
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Private placements | |
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Article 4 | |
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Advertisement | |
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Basic provisions | |
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Exempt offers: selective disclosure | |
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The passport system | |
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Conclusion: evolutionary or revolutionary change? | |
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Equivalence-bases regulation | |
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Introduction | |
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Equivalence-based regulation and prospectus disclosure | |
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Third country GAAP | |
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Assessment of equivalence | |
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Recognition of equivalence | |
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Employee share schemes | |
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Article 4(1) (e) and employee share schemes | |
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The equivalence condition of Article 4(1) (e) | |
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Third country prospectuses | |
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Prior approval as a means to recognise epuivalence | |
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Limits to prior approval | |
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Equivalence-based regulation in Member States | |
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The merits of Article 20 PD: a shadow regime in need of reform? | |
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Pathology | |
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Mutual trust and the functioning of the internal market | |
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Transparency and legal certainty | |
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Safeguarding the EU's 'unity of action' | |
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Remedies | |
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Strategies | |
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Actors | |
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Conclusion | |
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Prospectus disclosure enforcement | |
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Introduction | |
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Prospectus disclosure enforcement: strategy and arrangements | |
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Introduction | |
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Enforcement and prospectus disclosure | |
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Administrative enforcement of prospectus disclosure | |
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Actors | |
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Instruments of enforcement | |
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The prospectus approval, an ex ante enforcement instrument | |
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Limits of a prior approval system | |
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The merits of a prior approval system | |
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Prior approval and investors | |
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Prior approval and issuers | |
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Powers | |
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Prospectus disclosure enforcement and collective securities actors | |
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CESR | |
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CESR's tasks | |
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Coordinated enforcement | |
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Mediation | |
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The merits of CESR's Level 3 tasks | |
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ESMA | |
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ESMA's tasks | |
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The merits of ESMA's tasks | |
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Private enforcement and prospectus liability | |
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Conclusion: evolutionary or revolutionary change? | |
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Enforcement: national implementation | |
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Introduction | |
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Administrative enforcement in France and the UK | |
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Existence of powers | |
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Power to approve: ex ante enforcement | |
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Power to approve in france | |
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Power to approve in the UK | |
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Power to request information, investigate and sanction | |
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Power to bring criminal proceedings | |
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Exercise of powers | |
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Private enforcements in France and the UK | |
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Personal scope | |
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Common vs special statutory regimes | |
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Conclusion: lessons for the legal origins literature | |
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Prospectus disclosure and regulatory competition | |
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Introduction | |
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Regulatory competition and EU decision-making | |
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Introduction | |
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Regulatory competition as a regulatory problem in the securities markets fields | |
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Regulatory competition and market integration | |
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The 'threat of exit' and EU decision-making | |
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Actor preferences and institutions | |
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Actor preferences | |
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Institutions | |
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Regulatory competition and the prospectus directive: the issuer choice policy dispute | |
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Introduction | |
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Introducing the issuer choice policy dispute | |
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The context | |
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Policy frames on issuer choice | |
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The cost frame | |
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The merit frame | |
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Unpacking the issuer choice policy dispute: the regulatory problem | |
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Differing interests and ideas? | |
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The substantive and institutional dimension of the regulatory problem | |
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The substantive dimension of the regulatory problem | |
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The institutional dimension of the regulatory problem | |
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Reconstructing the policy outcome | |
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The distribution of competences between Member States: a status quo decision? | |
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The distribution of competences between Member states: bargaining or problem-solving? | |
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The 2010 revision of the directive | |
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Conclusion | |
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Conclusions and suggestions for the future | |
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Conclusions | |
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Select bibliography | |
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Index | |