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| Editor's Foreword | |
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| Notation | |
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| Historical introduction: photons and measurements using photons | |
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| The discovery of photons | |
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| The wave and particle properties of photons | |
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| The Heisenberg uncertainty relations | |
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| When do macroscopic objects behave quantum mechanically? | |
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| Overview of this book | |
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| The main principles of quantum mechanics | |
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| The wave function | |
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| Probabilistic interpretation of the wave function | |
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| Single measurements and ensembles of measurements | |
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| Reduction of a quantum state | |
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| von Neumann's postulate of reduction | |
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| Orthogonal measurements | |
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| Nonorthogonal measurements | |
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| Back action of the measuring device on the measured object | |
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| Indirect measurements | |
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| The two main types of quantum measurements | |
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| An electron as the quantum probe | |
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| Electron probe -- detailed analysis | |
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| Formal description of an indirect measurement | |
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| Quantum nondemolition measurements | |
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| The standard quantum limit for the energy of an oscillator | |
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| How can one overcome the standard quantum limit? | |
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| The ponderomotive probe for energy | |
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| Criteria for QND measurements | |
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| Linear measurements | |
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| The measurement process and the uncertainty relation | |
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| Measurement accuracy and perturbations for linear measurements | |
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| Sequences of linear measurements | |
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| Continuous linear measurements | |
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| Discrete and continuous measurements | |
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| Uncertainty relations for continuous linear measurements | |
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| Uncertainty relations for continuous linear measurements--rigorous analysis | |
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| Linear, quantum 2N-pole systems | |
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| The spectral representation | |
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| Internal fluctuations of a linear measuring device | |
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| Nonlinear systems for continuous measurements | |
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| Fluctuational and dynamical back action of the measuring device | |
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| Quantum Zeno paradox for exact measurements | |
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| The equation of motion for the density operator during a continuous monitoring | |
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| Quantum Zeno paradox for approximate measurements | |
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| Detection of classical forces | |
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| Aspects of quantum limits for the detection of a classical force | |
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| Quantum probe oscillator | |
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| Continuous quantum nondemolition monitoring | |
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| Standard quantum limit for an oscillator | |
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| Optimal detection of a classical force | |
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| A probe oscillator coupled to a sensor that continuously monitors its number of quanta | |
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| Energetic quantum limitations | |
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| The energy of the probe and the minimum detectable force | |
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| Energetic limits on sensitivity: general analysis | |
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| Distinguishing evolutionary paths of a quantum object from each other | |
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| Devices for measuring small mechanical displacements | |
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| Parametric transducer for mechanical displacements | |
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| Capacity transducer | |
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| Fluctuations in a capacity transducer in the stationary regime | |
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| Capacity transducer used to detect weak forces: stationary regime | |
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| Capacity transducer: nonstationary regime | |
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| Frequency upconverter | |
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| Capacity transducer with two-side-band pumping | |
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| Quantum nondemolition measurements of a resonator's energy | |
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| Review of methods of measurement | |
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| Measuring device based on cubic dielectric nonlinearity | |
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| The role of dissipation | |
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| Resonator coupled to a waveguide | |
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| Nonclassical states of electromagnetic waves as tools for quantum measurements | |
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| Quantum properties of a traveling electromagnetic wave | |
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| QND measurements of the energy of a traveling electromagnetic wave | |
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| Frequency-anticorrelated quantum state | |
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| Doppler measurements with frequency-anticorrelated photons | |
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| Statistical properties of a wave packet with a definite number of quanta | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Subject Index | |