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| Preface | |
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| Symbols and notational conventions | |
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| Logic for linguists | |
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| Set theory | |
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| Sets and elements | |
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| Relations between sets | |
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| Operations on sets | |
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| Relations and functions | |
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| Inference and logical analysis of sentences | |
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| Inference | |
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| Logical form | |
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| Sentences and propositions | |
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| Possible worlds and the truth-set of a proposition | |
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| Analytic and synthetic sentences | |
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| Simple and compound sentences | |
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| The depth of the logical analysis | |
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| Propositional logic | |
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| Connectives | |
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| The meaning of the logical connectives | |
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| Negation | |
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| Conjunction | |
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| Disjunction | |
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| Implication | |
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| Equivalence | |
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| How to indicate constituent structure | |
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| The syntax and semantics of propositional calculus | |
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| Syntax | |
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| Semantics | |
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| Tautologies and contradictions | |
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| Truth tables | |
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| Predicate logic | |
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| Extending the logical analysis | |
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| Quantifiers | |
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| Summary of the syntax of predicate logic | |
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| The semantics of predicate logic | |
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| True in all interpretations | |
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| Summary of the semantics of predicate logic | |
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| A formal version of the semantics | |
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| Formal properties of relations | |
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| Reflexivity | |
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| Symmetry | |
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| Transitivity | |
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| Converse | |
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| Structure of the domain and co-domain of relations | |
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| Deduction | |
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| The deductive system | |
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| Deduction rules in everyday conversation | |
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| Modal logic | |
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| Modal operators | |
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| Strict implication | |
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| Other modalities | |
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| Problems connected with scope and identity in modal logic | |
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| 'De dicto'--'de re' ambiguities | |
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| Specificity | |
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| Opacity | |
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| Cross-world identification | |
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| Counterfactual sentences | |
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| Tense logic and reference points | |
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| Intensional logic and categorial grammar | |
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| Intensions and extensions | |
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| Intension | |
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| The Fregean principle | |
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| The Fregean principle and categorial grammar | |
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| Categories, intensions and types | |
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| Further extensions | |
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| Second-order predicate logic and predicate operators | |
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| Presuppositions and definite descriptions | |
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| Pragmatic analysis of presuppositions | |
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| The abstraction- or lambda-operator | |
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| Logic for linguists? | |
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| General | |
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| The concept of meaning | |
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| The role of formal languages in analysing natural language | |
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| The limitations of classical logic | |
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| References | |
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| Answers to exercises | |
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| Index | |