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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| A Short History of Human Rights | |
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| Individual Rights | |
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| The Origins | |
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| Two Traditions of Rights | |
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| The Second Generation of Rights | |
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| Human Rights | |
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| First Proposals | |
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| The Formulation | |
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| A Compromise | |
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| Individual and Human Rights | |
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| The Rights Revolution | |
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| International Human Rights | |
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| Restoration of Rights | |
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| Rights and Duties in the Socialist and Catholic Concepts of Rights | |
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| New Challenges | |
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| Human Rights and the �War on Terror� | |
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| Responsibility to Protect | |
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| Rights and Resources | |
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| Human Rights and Humanitarianism | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Rights and Democracy | |
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| Domocracy and Human Rights | |
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| Constitutional Democracy | |
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| The Logic of Democracy and the Logic of Rights | |
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| The Challenges of Democratic Constitution Making | |
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| Illiberal and Populist Democracies | |
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| Electronic Democracy | |
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| Individual and Group Rights | |
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| Exclusion | |
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| Citizenship and Welfare | |
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| Is Democracy Enough? | |
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| Legal Empowerment | |
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| Conclusions: Toward a New Concept of Democracy | |
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| Rights and Needs | |
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| Categories of Human Rights | |
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| Social and Economic Rights as Human Rights | |
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| Do Social Rights Differ from Civil and Political Rights? | |
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| The Legal Status of Social Rights | |
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| Social Rights in International Human Rights Law | |
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| Constitutional Solutions | |
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| Rights or Needs? | |
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| What Are Social Rights About? | |
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| Basic Needs | |
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| The Conditionality of Social Rights | |
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| Social Rights in a Limited State | |
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| The Regulatory Function | |
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| Setting Public Policy Goals | |
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| The Enforcement of Public Policy Goals | |
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| Constitutional Social Rights | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Rights and Cultures | |
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| Universal Origins of Human Rights | |
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| Challenges to Universality | |
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| Authoritarian Development | |
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| Cultural Relativism | |
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| The New Crusade of the West | |
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| Arguments against Cultural Relativism | |
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| Freedom and Development | |
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| Arguments for Universalism | |
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| Modernization and Rights | |
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| Evolutionary Arguments | |
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| Points of Debate | |
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| Imposition by the West | |
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| A Change of Ideology | |
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| A Change in Content | |
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| The Individual and the Community | |
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| Can a Cross-Cultural Consensus on Human Rights Be Restored? | |
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| Human Rights and the Philosophy of Human Rights | |
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| Two Types of Violations | |
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| Conclusions: �Havel� and �Soft� Universalism | |
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| Human Rights and Other Values | |
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| Rights and Dignity | |
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| Rights in the Public Sphere | |
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| Rights between the Individual and the State | |
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| Rights and Society | |
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| Human Rights in the Private Sphere | |
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| The Horizontal Application of Rights | |
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| Human Rights as Guiding Principles | |
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| Between Morality and Law | |
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| Beyond Rights | |
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| Claiming vs. Giving | |
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| The Right Not to Claim Rights | |
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| Rights and the Pursuit of Happiness | |
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| Rights and Ethics | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |