Archaeology Theories, Methods and Practice

Name: Archaeology Theories, Methods and Practice
Price: 3.97 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780500276051

ISBN-10: 0500276056

ISBN-13: 9780500276051

Edition: 1991

Authors: Colin Renfrew, Paul Bahn

List price: $34.95

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Description:

The third edition of this best-selling introduction to what archaeologists do and how they do it has been entirely revised and updated in the light of new views, discoveries, and data. Developments in the technology and scope of archaeology are reflected in an increased emphasis on aspects ranging from GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and information on the Internet to gender archaeology and the latest thinking on post-processualism and cognitive archaeology. The profound impact of advances in genetics and linguistics is assessed, and some sections of the book -- the dating of rock art, for example -- have been totally rewritten in the light of recent events.

Book details

List price: $34.95
Copyright year: 1991
Publisher: Thames & Hudson
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 544
Size: 7.48" wide x 9.06" long
Weight: 2.398

Preface	p. 9
Introduction: The Nature and Aims of Archaeology	p. 12
The Framework of Archaeology	p. 19
The Searchers: The History of Archaeology	p. 21
The Speculative Phase	p. 22
The Beginnings of Modern Archaeology	p. 26
Classification and Consolidation	p. 36
A Turning Point in Archaeology	p. 40
World Archaeology	p. 42
Summary	p. 52
Further Reading	p. 52
Box Features
Pompeii: Archaeology Past and Present	p. 24
The Impact of Evolutionary Thought	p. 28
19th-century Pioneers of North American Archaeology	p. 30
The Development of Field Techniques	p. 33
Women Pioneers of Archaeology	p. 38
Processual Archaeology: Key Concepts	p. 41
Interpretive or Postprocessual Archaeologies	p. 44
Interpretive Archaeologies at Catalhoyuk	p. 46
Broadening the Frame	p. 48
What is Left? The Variety of the Evidence	p. 53
Basic Categories of Archaeological Evidence	p. 53
Formation Processes	p. 56
Cultural Formation Processes - How People Have Affected What Survives in the Archaeological Record	p. 58
Natural Formation Processes - How Nature Affects What Survives in the Archaeological Record	p. 59
Summary	p. 74
Further Reading	p. 74
Box Features
Experimental Archaeology	p. 57
Wet Preservation: The Ozette Site	p. 64
Dry Preservation: The Tomb of Tutankhamun	p. 66
Cold Preservation 1: The Barrow Site	p. 69
Cold Preservation 2: The Iceman	p. 70
Where? Survey and Excavation of Sites and Features	p. 75
Discovering Archaeological Sites and Features	p. 76
Assessing the Layout of Sites and Features	p. 93
Excavation	p. 110
Summary	p. 120
Further Reading	p. 120
Box Features
The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project	p. 78
Sampling Strategies	p. 80
Archaeological Aerial Reconnaissance	p. 84
Teotihuacan Mapping Project	p. 94
Multiperiod Surface Investigations at Tell Halula	p. 96
Underwater Archaeology	p. 99
The Red Bay Wreck: Discovery and Excavation	p. 100
Geophysical Survey at Roman Wroxeter	p. 104
Measuring Magnetism	p. 106
Controlled Archaeological Test Site	p. 108
When? Dating Methods and Chronology	p. 121
Relative Dating	p. 122
Stratigraphy	p. 122
Typological Sequences	p. 124
Linguistic Dating	p. 128
Climate and Chronology	p. 129
Absolute Dating	p. 132
Calendars and Historical Chronologies	p. 133
Annual Cycles: Varves and Tree-Rings	p. 136
Radioactive Clocks	p. 141
Trapped Electron Dating Methods	p. 154
Calibrated Relative Methods	p. 159
Chronological Correlations	p. 165
World Chronology	p. 167
Summary	p. 174
Further Reading	p. 174
Box Features
The Maya Calendar	p. 134
The Principles of Radioactive Decay	p. 141
The Publication of Radiocarbon Results	p. 143
How to Calibrate Radiocarbon Dates	p. 144
Dating Our African Ancestors	p. 152
Dating the Thera Eruption	p. 164
Discovering the Variety of Human Experience	p. 175
How Were Societies Organized? Social Archaeology	p. 177
Establishing the Nature and Scale of the Society	p. 178
Further Sources of Information for Social Organization	p. 186
Techniques of Study for Mobile Hunter-Gatherer Societies	p. 194
Techniques of Study for Segmentary Societies	p. 198
Techniques of Study for Chiefdoms and States	p. 207
The Archaeology of the Individual and of Identity	p. 220
The Emergence of Identity and Society	p. 223
Investigating Gender and Childhood	p. 224
The Molecular Genetics of Social Groups and Lineages	p. 228
Summary	p. 230
Further Reading	p. 230
Box Features
Settlement Patterns in Mesopotamia	p. 184
Ancient Ethnicity and Language	p. 193
Space and Density in Hunter-Gatherer Camps	p. 197
Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis	p. 201
Early Wessex	p. 202
Maya Territories	p. 209
Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDSCAL)	p. 210
Social Analysis at Moundville	p. 216
Conflict and Warfare	p. 218
Gender Relations in Early Intermediate Period Peru	p. 226
What Was the Environment? Environmental Archaeology	p. 231
Investigating Environments on a Global Scale	p. 231
Studying the Landscape	p. 238
Reconstructing the Plant Environment	p. 245
Reconstructing the Animal Environment	p. 253
Reconstructing the Human Environment	p. 262
Summary	p. 274
Further Reading	p. 274
Box Features
Reconstructing Climates from Sea and Ice Cores	p. 233
Climatic Cycles: El Nino	p. 234
Cave Sediments	p. 240
Pollen Analysis	p. 246
Elands Bay Cave	p. 260
Site Catchment Analysis	p. 264
Mapping the Ancient Environment: Cahokia and GIS	p. 266
Ancient Gardens at Kuk Swamp	p. 268
What Did They Eat? Subsistence and Diet	p. 275
What Can Plant Foods Tell Us About Diet?	p. 276
Information from Animal Resources	p. 288
Investigating Diet, Seasonality, and Domestication from Animal Remains	p. 292
How Were Animal Resources Exploited?	p. 307
Assessing Diet from Human Remains	p. 311
Summary	p. 316
Further Reading	p. 316
Box Features
Paleoethnobotany: A Case Study	p. 278
Butser Experimental Iron Age Farm	p. 280
Investigating the Rise of Farming in Western Asia	p. 286
Taphonomy	p. 290
Quantifying Animal Bones	p. 294
The Study of Animal Teeth	p. 297
Bison Drive Sites	p. 298
Farming Origins: A Case Study	p. 302
Shell Midden Analysis	p. 306
How Did They Make and Use Tools? Technology	p. 317
Unaltered Materials: Stone	p. 321
Other Unaltered Materials	p. 334
Synthetic Materials	p. 341
Archaeometallurgy	p. 346
Summary	p. 356
Further Reading	p. 356
Box Features
Artifacts or "Geofacts" at Pedra Furada	p. 320
Raising Large Stones	p. 324
Refitting and Microwear Studies at Rekem	p. 330
Woodworking in the Somerset Levels	p. 336
Metallographic Examination	p. 347
Copper Production in Peru	p. 350
Early Steelmaking: An Ethnoarchaeological Experiment	p. 354
What Contact Did They Have? Trade and Exchange	p. 357
The Study of Interaction	p. 357
Discovering the Sources of Traded Goods: Characterization	p. 365
The Study of Distribution	p. 374
The Study of Production	p. 382
The Study of Consumption	p. 384
Exchange and Interaction: The Complete System	p. 385
Summary	p. 391
Further Reading	p. 392
Box Features
Modes of Exchange	p. 360
Materials of Prestige Value	p. 362
Analysis of Artifact Composition	p. 368
Lead Isotope Analysis	p. 372
Trend Surface Analysis	p. 375
Fall-off Analysis	p. 378
Distribution: The Uluburun Wreck	p. 380
Production: Greenstone Artifacts in Australia	p. 383
Interaction Spheres: Hopewell	p. 390
What Did They Think? Cognitive Archaeology, Art, and Religion	p. 393
Investigating How Human Symbolizing Faculties Evolved	p. 395
Working with Symbols	p. 399
From Written Source to Cognitive Map	p. 403
Establishing Place: The Location of Memory	p. 406
Measuring the World	p. 408
Planning: Maps for the Future	p. 409
Symbols of Organization and Power	p. 412
Symbols for the Other World: The Archaeology of Religion	p. 414
Depiction: Art and Representation	p. 420
Summary	p. 428
Further Reading	p. 428
Box Features
Indications of Early Thought	p. 398
Paleolithic Cave Art	p. 400
Paleolithic Portable Art	p. 402
Maya Symbols of Power	p. 414
Recognizing Cult Activity at Chavin	p. 418
Identifying Individual Artists in Ancient Greece	p. 422
Conventions of Representation in Egyptian Art	p. 424
The Interpretation of Swedish Rock Art: Archaeology as Text	p. 426
A Question of Style	p. 427
Who Were They? What Were They Like? The Archaeology of People	p. 429
Identifying Physical Attributes	p. 430
Assessing Human Abilities	p. 440
Disease, Deformity, and Death	p. 446
Assessing Nutrition	p. 459
Population Studies	p. 460
Diversity and Evolution	p. 463
Questions of Identity	p. 467
Summary	p. 468
Further Reading	p. 468
Box Features
Spitalfields: Determining Biological Age at Death	p. 434
How to Reconstruct the Face	p. 438
Looking Inside Bodies	p. 448
Life and Death Among the Inuit	p. 452
Lindow Man: The Body in the Bog	p. 456
Genetics and Language Histories	p. 462
Studying the Origins of New World Populations	p. 464
Why Did Things Change? Explanation in Archaeology	p. 469
Migrationist and Diffusionist Explanations	p. 471
The Processual Approach	p. 473
Applications	p. 475
The Form of Explanation: General or Particular	p. 481
Attempts at Explanation: One Cause or Several?	p. 484
Postprocessual or Interpretive Explanation	p. 494
Cognitive-Processual Archaeology	p. 496
Agency, Materiality, and Engagement	p. 501
Summary	p. 503
Further Reading	p. 504
Box Features
Diffusionist Explanation Rejected: Great Zimbabwe	p. 472
Molecular Genetics and Population Dynamics: Europe	p. 476
The Origins of Farming: A Processual Explanation	p. 478
Marxist Archaeology: Key Features	p. 480
Language Families and Language Change	p. 482
Origins of the State 1: Peru	p. 488
Origins of the State 2: The Aegean, A Multivariate Approach	p. 490
The Classic Maya Collapse	p. 492
Explaining the European Megaliths	p. 498
The Individual as an Agent of Change	p. 502
The World of Archaeology	p. 505
Archaeology in Action Five Case Studies	p. 507
The Oaxaca Projects: The Origins and Rise of the Zapotec State	p. 508
The Calusa of Florida: A Complex Hunter-Gatherer Society	p. 517
Research Among Hunter-Gatherers: Kakadu National Park, Australia	p. 523
Khok Phanom Di: The Origins of Rice Farming in Southeast Asia	p. 530
York and the Public Presentation of Archaeology	p. 536
Further Reading	p. 546
Whose Past? Archaeology and the Public	p. 547
The Meaning of the Past: The Archaeology of Identity	p. 547
Who Owns the Past?	p. 550
The Uses of the Past	p. 556
Conservation and Destruction	p. 560
Who Interprets and Presents the Past?	p. 572
Archaeology and Public Understanding	p. 573
Summary	p. 578
Further Reading	p. 578
Box Features
The Politics of Destruction: The Bamiyan Buddhas	p. 549
The Fortunes of War	p. 551
Applied Archaeology: Farming in Peru	p. 558
The Practice of CRM in the United States	p. 561
Conservation: The Great Temple of the Aztecs in Mexico City	p. 566
Destruction and Response: Mimbres	p. 568
"Collectors Are the Real Looters"	p. 570
Archaeology and the Internet	p. 574
Archaeology at the Fringe	p. 576
Glossary	p. 579
Notes and Bibliography	p. 588
Acknowledgments	p. 635
Index	p. 638
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