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Preface | |
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A Personal Word to the Student | |
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Introduction To Philosophy | |
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What Is Philosophy? | |
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A Little Bit of Logic | |
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Deductive and Inductive Reasoning | |
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Abductive Reasoning | |
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Some Applications | |
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Fallacies of Reasoning | |
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Box: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions | |
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The Beginning of Philosophy: The Ancient Greeks | |
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The Milesians | |
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Pythagoras | |
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The Eleatics | |
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Heracleitus | |
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The Pluralists: Empedocles and the Atomists | |
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Anaxagoras of Klazomenae | |
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The Rise of the Sophists and Socrates | |
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The Rise of the Sophists | |
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Socrates:The Father of Ethics? | |
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Knowledge Is Virtue | |
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Box: Plato | |
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Philosophy Of Religion | |
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The Value of Religion: An Introduction | |
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Terminology | |
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The Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God: A First Cause | |
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Traditional Arguments for the Existence of God | |
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The Cosmological Argument | |
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The Argument from Contingency | |
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The Teleological Argument for the Existence of God | |
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Paley's Argument | |
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Hume's Critique | |
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The Darwinian Objection | |
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The Ontological Argument for the Existence of God | |
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The Argument from Religious Experience | |
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Encounters with God | |
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An Analysis of Religious Experience | |
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A Critique of the Strong-Justification Thesis | |
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The Problem of Evil | |
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The Mystery of Evil | |
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The Argument from Evil | |
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The Free-Will Defense | |
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The Theodicy Defense | |
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Evolution and Evil | |
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Faith and Reason | |
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Pragmatic Justification of Religious Belief | |
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Fideism: Faith Without/Against Reason | |
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Reformed Epistemology: Alvin Plantinga | |
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The Theory of Knowledge | |
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What Can We Know? An Introduction | |
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Knowledge and Its Types | |
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What Is Truth? Knowledge and Belief | |
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Types of Knowledge | |
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Skepticism | |
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The Challenge of Skepticism | |
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Perception: Can We Have Knowledge of the External World? | |
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Philosophy Of Mind | |
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The Mind-Body Problem | |
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Dualistic Interactionism | |
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A Critique of Dualistic Interactionism | |
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Dualism Revived | |
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Box: The Mind-Body Problem | |
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Materialist Monism | |
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Functionalism and Biological Naturalism | |
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Box: Intentionality | |
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Who Am I? | |
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The Problem of Personal Identity | |
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What Is It to Be a Person? | |
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What Is Identity? | |
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What Is Personal Identity? | |
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Is There Life After Death? | |
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Personal Identity and Immortality | |
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Box: Reincarnation | |
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Freedom Of The Will and Determinism | |
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Determinism | |
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Universal Causality | |
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Teleological Determinism | |
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Libertarianism | |
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The Argument from Deliberation | |
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The Argument from Moral Responsibility | |
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Compatibilism: How to Have Your Cake and Eat It Too | |
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A Reconciling Project | |
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A Critique of Compatibilism: A "Quagmire of Evasion"? The Argument Against Compatibilism from Moral Responsibility | |
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The Compatibilist Response | |
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Ethics | |
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What Is Ethics? Why Do We Need Morality? The Purposes of Morality | |
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Ethical Relativism Versus Ethical Objectivism | |
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An Analysis of Ethical Relativism | |
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Subjective Ethical Relativism (Subjectivism) | |
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Conventional Ethical Relativism (Conventionalism) | |
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The Case for Ethical Objectivism | |
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Egoism, Self-Love, and Altruism | |
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Arguments for Ethical Egoism | |
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Arguments Against Ethical Egoism | |
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Evolution and Altruism | |
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Utilitarianism and the Structure of Ethics | |
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What Is Utilitarianism? The Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism | |
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Utilitarian Reponses to the Standard Objections | |
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Kantian Deontological Ethics | |
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Immanuel Kant's Rationalist Deontological System | |
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The Goodwill | |
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Duty and the Moral Law | |
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Kant's Second Formulation of the Categorical Imperative | |
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The Principle of Autonomy | |
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Virtue Ethics | |
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Religion and Ethics | |
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Does Morality Depend on Religion? Is Religion Irrelevant or Even Inimical to Morality? Does Religion Enhance the Moral Life? | |
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Existentialism and The Meaning Of Life | |
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Existentialism and the Meaning of Life | |
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The Meaning of Life and the Fear of Death | |
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Appendix: How to Read and Write a Philosophy Paper | |
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Glossary | |
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Credits | |
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Index | |