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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Communications in a Modern Society | |
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| Applications | |
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| Data collection | |
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| Transaction processing | |
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| Conversational time sharing | |
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| Remote job entry | |
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| Message switching | |
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| Value-added carriers and electronic mail | |
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| Office automation | |
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| Electronic commerce | |
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| Satellite transmission | |
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| Constraints | |
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| Throughput | |
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| Response time | |
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| Bandwidth | |
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| Economics | |
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| Emerging Trends | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Basic Telegraph and Telephone Operations | |
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| Evolution of Communications | |
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| Telegraphy | |
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| Operation | |
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| Morse code | |
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| Morse code limiations | |
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| Start-stop signaling and the Baudot code | |
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| Bits and codes | |
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| Telephony | |
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| Principle of operation | |
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| Sound wave conversion | |
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| The basic telephone connection | |
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| Switchboards and central offices | |
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| Numbering plans | |
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| Geographic calling areas and network routing | |
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| The world numbering plan | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Basic Circuit Parameters, Measurement Units and Media Overview | |
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| Basic Circuit Parameters | |
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| Frequency and bandwidth | |
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| The telephone channel passband | |
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| Measurement Units | |
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| Power ratios | |
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| Signal-to-noise ratio | |
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| Reference points | |
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| Media Overview | |
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| Twisted-pair cable | |
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| Coaxial cable | |
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| Microwave | |
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| Fiber-optic transmission | |
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| Channel Capacity | |
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| Bit versus baud | |
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| Nyquist relationship | |
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| Shannon's law | |
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| Structured Wiring | |
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| The wiring closet | |
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| The EIA/TIA-568 standard | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Fundamental Data Transmission Concepts | |
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| Analog Line Connections | |
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| The analog switched line | |
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| Analog leased line | |
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| Dedicated line | |
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| Switched network vs leased line economics | |
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| Types of Service and Transmission Devices | |
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| Digital repeaters | |
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| Modems | |
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| Acoustic couplers | |
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| Analog facilities | |
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| Digital facilities | |
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| Digital signaling | |
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| Representative ATandT digital offerings | |
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| Transmission Mode | |
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| Simplex transmission | |
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| Half-duplex transmission | |
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| Full-duplex transmission | |
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| Terminal and mainframe computer operating modes | |
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| Transmission Techniques | |
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| Asynchronous transmission | |
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| Synchronous transmission | |
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| Types of Transmission | |
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| Wide Area Network Transmission Structures | |
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| Mainframe computer-based network structure | |
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| LAN network structure | |
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| LAN internetworking structure | |
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| Line Discipline | |
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| Transmission Rate | |
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| Analog service | |
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| Digital service | |
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| Transmission Codes | |
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| Morse code | |
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| Baudot code | |
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| BCD code | |
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| Extended binary-coded decimal interchange code (EBCDIC) | |
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| ASCII code | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Terminals, Workstations and WAN and LAN Networking Overview | |
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| Terminals | |
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| Interactive terminal classification | |
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| Terminal evolution | |
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| Workstations and Other LAN Components | |
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| Network interface card | |
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| Hubs | |
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| File server | |
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| Print server | |
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| Other types of servers | |
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| Wide Area Networking Overview | |
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| Multiplexing and data concentration | |
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| Front-end processor | |
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| Network configurations | |
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| Local Area Networking Overview | |
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| Repeaters | |
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| Bridges | |
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| Routers | |
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| Gateways | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Representative Standards Organizations: the OSI Reference Model | |
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| National Standards Organizations | |
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| American National Standards Institute (ANSI) | |
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| Electronic Industries Association (EIA) | |
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| Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) | |
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| Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) | |
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| British Standards Institution (BSI) | |
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| Canadian Standards Association (CSA) | |
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| International Standards Organizations | |
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| International Telecommunications Union (ITU) | |
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| International Standards Organization (ISO) | |
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| De facto Standards | |
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| ATandT compatibility | |
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| Cross-licensed technology | |
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| Bellcore/Telcordia Technology | |
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| Internet standards | |
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| The OSI Reference Model | |
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| Layered architecture | |
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| OSI layers | |
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| Data flow | |
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| IEEE 802 Standards | |
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| 802 committees | |
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| Data link subdivision | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The Physical Layer, Cables, Connectors, Plugs and Jacks | |
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| DTE/DCE Interfaces | |
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| Connector overview | |
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| RS-232-C/D | |
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| Differential signaling | |
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| RS-449 | |
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| V.35 | |
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| RS-366-A | |
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| X.21 and X.20 | |
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| X.21 bis | |
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| RS-530 | |
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| High Speed Serial Interface | |
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| High Performance Parallel Interface | |
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| Universal Serial Bus | |
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| IEEE 1394 (FireWire) | |
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| Cables and Connectors | |
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| Twisted-pair cable | |
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| Low-capacitance shielded cable | |
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| Ribbon cable | |
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| The RS-232 null modem | |
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| RS-232 cabling tricks | |
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| Plugs and Jacks | |
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| Connecting arrangements | |
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| Telephone options | |
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| Ordering the business line | |
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| LAN connectivity | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Basic Transmission Devices: Line Drivers, Modems, and Service Units | |
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| Line Drivers | |
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| Direct connection | |
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| Using line drivers | |
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| Modem Operations | |
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| The modulation process | |
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| Bps vs. baud | |
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| Voice circuit parameters | |
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| Combined modulation techniques | |
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| Mode of transmission | |
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| Transmission techniques | |
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| Modem classification | |
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| Limited-distance modems | |
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| Line-type operations | |
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| Reverse and secondary channels | |
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| Equalization | |
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| Synchronization | |
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| Multiport capability | |
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| Security capability | |
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| Multiple speed selection capability | |
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| Voice/data capability | |
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| Modem handshaking | |
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| Self-testing features | |
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| Modem indicators | |
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| Modern operations and compatibility | |
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| Intelligent Modems | |
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| Hayes command set modems | |
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| Key intelligent modem features | |
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| Microcom Networking Protocol (MNP) | |
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| Data compression | |
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| MNP Class 5 compression | |
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| MNP Class 7 enhanced data compression | |
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| V.42bis | |
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| Broadband Modems | |
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| Telephone and cable TV infrastructure | |
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| Cable modems | |
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| DSL modems | |
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| Service Units | |
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| The DSU | |
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| The CSU | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Regulators and Carriers | |
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| Regulators | |
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| US regulatory evolution | |
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| International regulatory authorities | |
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| Carrier Offerings | |
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| ATandT system evolution | |
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| The Bell system | |
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| The regional Bell operating companies | |
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| ATandT service offerings | |
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| Regional Bell operating company offerings | |
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| ATM Overview | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Transmission Errors: Causes, Measurements and Correction Methods | |
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| Causes of Transmission Errors | |
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| Performance Measurements | |
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| Bit error rate | |
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| Bit error rate tester | |
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| BERT time | |
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| Performance classifications | |
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| Block error rate testing | |
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| Error-free second testing | |
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| Error Detection and Correction Techniques | |
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| Asynchronous transmission | |
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| Synchronous transmission | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| The WAN Data Link Layer | |
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| Terminal and Data Link Protocols: Characteristics and Functions | |
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| Transmission sequence | |
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| Error control | |
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| Types of Protocol | |
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| Teletypewriter protocols | |
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| PC file transfer protocols | |
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| Bisynchronous protocols | |
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| Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DDCMP) | |
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| Bit-oriented line control procedures | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Increasing WAN Line Utilization | |
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| Multiplexers | |
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| Evolution | |
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| Device support | |
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| Multiplexing techniques | |
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| Control Units | |
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| Control unit concept | |
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| Attachment methods | |
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| Unit operation | |
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| Breaking the closed system | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Local Area Networks | |
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| Origin | |
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| Comparison with WANs | |
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| Geographical area | |
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| Data transmission and error rates | |
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| Ownership | |
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| Regulation | |
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| Data routing and topology | |
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| Type of information carried | |
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| Utilization Benefits | |
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| Peripheral sharing | |
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| Common software access | |
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| Electronic mail | |
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| Gateway access to mainframes | |
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| Internet access | |
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| Virtual private network operations | |
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| Technological Characteristics | |
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| Topology | |
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| Comparison of topologies | |
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| Signaling methods | |
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| Transmission medium | |
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| Access methods | |
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| Ethernet Networks | |
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| Original network components | |
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| IEEE 802.3 networks | |
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| Frame composition | |
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| Media access control overview | |
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| Logical link control overview | |
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| Other Ethernet frame types | |
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| Token-Ring | |
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| Topology | |
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| Redundant versus non-redundant main ring paths | |
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| Cabling and device restrictions | |
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| Constraints | |
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| High speed Token-Ring | |
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| Transmission formats | |
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| Medium access control | |
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| Logical link control | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Basic LAN Internetworking | |
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| Bridge Operations | |
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| Types of bridge | |
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| Network utilization | |
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| The Switching Hub | |
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| Basic components | |
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| Delay times | |
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| Key advantages of use | |
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| Switching techniques | |
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| Port address support | |
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| Switching architecture | |
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| High-speed port operations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Router Operations | |
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| Basic operation and use of routing tables | |
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| Networking capability | |
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| Communication, transport and routing protocols | |
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| Router classifications | |
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| Routing protocols | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Digital Transmission Systems and Equipment | |
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| The T and E Carriers | |
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| Channel banks | |
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| T1 Multiplexers | |
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| Waveform-based voice digitization modules | |
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| Vocoding | |
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| Hybrid coding | |
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| T1 multiplexer employment | |
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| The T3 Carrier | |
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| T3 circuit types | |
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| Evolution | |
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| T3 framing | |
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| DDS, ASDS and KiloStream facilities | |
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| Applications | |
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| ASDS | |
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| KiloStream service | |
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| Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) | |
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| Concept behind ISDN | |
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| ISDN architecture | |
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| Network characteristics | |
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| ISDN layers | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Network Architecture | |
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| SNA Overview | |
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| SNA elements | |
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| System Service Control Point (SSCP) | |
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| Network nodes | |
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| The physical unit | |
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| The logical unit | |
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| SNA network structure | |
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| Types of physical unit | |
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| Multiple domains | |
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| SNA layers | |
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| SNA developments | |
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| SNA sessions | |
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| Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) | |
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| APPC concepts | |
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| APPN architecture | |
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| Operation | |
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| TCP/IP | |
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| The rise of the Internet | |
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| The TCP/IP protocol suite | |
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| Applications | |
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| TCP/IP communications | |
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| The Internet Protocol (IP) | |
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| Domain Name Service | |
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| Internetworking | |
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| SNA gateway operations | |
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| Supporting multiple protocols | |
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| Data Link Switching | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Packet Networks | |
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| Packet Switching Overview | |
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| X.25 Networks | |
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| Development period | |
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| Need for PADs | |
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| X.25 layers | |
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| Methods of connection | |
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| Utilization costs | |
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| Tymnet | |
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| Network information | |
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| Features | |
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| Protocol conversion | |
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| LAN interconnectivity | |
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| Frame Relay | |
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| Comparison to X.25 | |
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| Standards | |
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| Network access | |
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| Frame construction | |
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| Service parameters | |
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| FRAD features | |
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| Voice over Frame Relay | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Communications Software | |
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| Terminal Emulation Software Features | |
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| Hardware utilization | |
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| Software utilization | |
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| Operational consideration | |
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| Documentation | |
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| Dialing | |
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| Transmission | |
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| Performance efficiency | |
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| Performance flexibility | |
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| Security performance | |
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| Terminal Emulation Program Examination | |
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| Procomm Plus for Windows | |
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| HyperTerminal | |
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| IBM PC/3270 | |
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| Web Browsers | |
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| Microsoft Internet Explorer | |
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| LAN operation | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Fiber-Optic, Satellite and Wireless Terrestrial Communications | |
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| Fiber-Optic Transmission Systems | |
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| System components | |
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| Transmission advantages | |
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| Limitations of use | |
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| Utilization economics | |
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| Carrier utilization | |
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| SONET | |
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| Satellite Communications Systems | |
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| Operation overview | |
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| Satellite access | |
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| Very small aperture terminal (VSAT) | |
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| Low earth orbit satellites | |
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| Wireless Terrestrial Communications | |
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| Cellular communications | |
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| Wireless LANs | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Evolving Technologies | |
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| ATM | |
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| Cell size | |
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| Scalability | |
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| Transparency | |
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| Traffic classification | |
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| The ATM Protocol Stack | |
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| ATM Adaptation Layer | |
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| The ATM Layer | |
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| Physical Layer | |
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| ATM Operation | |
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| Components | |
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| Network Interfaces | |
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| The ATM cell header | |
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| ATM connections and cell switching | |
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| Virtual Private Networking | |
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| Rationale for use | |
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| Reliability | |
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| Problem areas | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Index | |