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| Preface to the Third Edition | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Theory | |
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| Groundwater in Construction | |
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| Groundwater in the Hydrologic Cycle | |
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| Origins of Dewatering | |
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| Development of Modern Dewatering Technology | |
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| The Geology of Soils | |
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| Geologic Time Frame | |
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| Formation of Soils | |
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| Mineral Composition of Soils | |
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| Rivers | |
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| Lakes | |
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| Estuaries | |
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| Beaches | |
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| Wind Deposits | |
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| Glaciers-The Pleistocene Epoch | |
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| Rock | |
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| Limestone and Coral | |
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| Tectonic Movements | |
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| Man-made Ground | |
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| Soils and Water | |
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| Soil Structure | |
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| Gradation of Soils | |
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| Porosity, Void Ratio, and Water Content | |
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| Relative Density, Specific Gravity, and Unit Weight | |
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| Capillarity and Unsaturated Flow | |
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| Specific Yield and Specific Retention | |
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| Hydraulic Conductivity | |
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| Plasticity and Cohesion of Silts and Clays | |
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| Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D-2487) | |
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| Soil Descriptions | |
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| Visual and Manual Classification of Soils | |
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| Seepage Forces and Soil Stress | |
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| Gravity Drainage of Granular Soils | |
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| Drainage of Fine-grained Soils: Pore Pressure Control | |
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| Settlement as a Result of Dewatering | |
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| Preconsolidation | |
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| Other Side Effects of Dewatering | |
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| Hydrology of the Ideal Aquifer | |
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| Definition of the Ideal Aquifer | |
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| Transmissivity T | |
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| Storage Coefficient C[subscript s] and Specific Yield | |
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| Pumping from a Confined Aquifer | |
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| Recovery Calculations | |
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| The Unconfined or Water Table Aquiter | |
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| Specific Capacity | |
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| Characteristics of Natural Aquifers | |
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| Anisotropy: Stratified Soils | |
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| Horizontal Variability | |
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| Recharge Boundaries: Radius of Influence R[subscript 0] | |
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| Barrier Boundaries | |
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| Delayed Release from Storage | |
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| Dewatering Design Using Analytical Methods | |
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| Radial Flow to a Well in a Confined Aquifer | |
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| Radial Flow to a Well in a Water Table Aquifer | |
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| Radial Flow to a Well in a Mixed Aquifer | |
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| Flow to a Drainage Trench from a Line Source | |
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| The System as a Well: Equivalent Radius r[subscript s] | |
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| Radius of Influence R[subscript 0] | |
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| Hydraulic Conductivity K and Transmissivity T | |
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| Initial Head H and Final Head h | |
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| Partial Penetration | |
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| Storage Depletion | |
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| Specific Capacity of the Aquifer | |
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| Cumulative Drawdown or Superposition | |
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| Capacity of the Well Q[subscript w] | |
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| Flow Net Analysis and the Method of Fragments | |
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| Concentric Dewatering Systems | |
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| Vertical Flow | |
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| Gravel Tremie | |
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| Groundwater Modeling Using Numerical Methods | |
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| Models in Dewatering Practice | |
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| When to Consider a Numerical Model | |
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| Principal Steps in Model Design and Application | |
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| The Conceptual Model: Defining the Problem to Be Modeled | |
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| Selecting the Program | |
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| Introduction to MODFLOW | |
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| Verification | |
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| Calibration | |
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| Prediction and Parametric Analyses | |
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| Some Practical Modeling Problems | |
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| 2-D Model: Well System in a Water Table Aquifer | |
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| Calibrating the Model | |
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| 3-D Model: Partial Penetration | |
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| 3-D Model: Vertical Flow | |
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| 3-D Model: Transient Analysis of a Progressive Trench Excavation | |
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| Piezometers for Groundwater Measurement and Monitoring | |
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| Subsurface Conditions | |
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| Ordinary Piezometers and True Piezometers | |
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| Piezometer Construction | |
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| Verification of Piezometer Performance | |
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| Obtaining Data from Piezometers | |
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| Pore Pressure Piezometers in Fine-grained Soils | |
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| Direct Push Technologies for Piezometer Installation | |
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| Pumping Tests | |
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| When a Pumping Test Is Advisable | |
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| Planning the Pumping Test | |
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| Design of the Pumping Well | |
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| Piezometer Array | |
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| Duration of Drawdown and Recovery | |
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| Pumping Rate | |
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| Monitoring the Pumping Test | |
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| Analysis of Pumping Test Data | |
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| Tidal Corrections | |
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| Well Loss | |
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| Step Drawdown Tests | |
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| Testing of Low-yield Wells | |
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| Delayed Storage Release: Boulton Analysis | |
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| Surface Hydrology | |
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| Lakes and Reservoirs | |
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| Bays and Ocean Beaches | |
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| Rivers | |
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| Precipitation | |
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| Disposal of Dewatering Discharge | |
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| Water from Existing Structures | |
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| Geotechnical Investigation for Dewatering | |
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| Investigation Approach and Objectives | |
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| Preliminary Studies and Investigations | |
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| Borings | |
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| In Situ Test Methods | |
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| Piezometers and Observation Wells | |
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| Borehole Seepage Tests for Evaluation of Hydraulic Conductivity | |
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| Laboratory Analysis of Samples | |
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| Chemical Testing of Groundwater | |
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| Geophysical Methods | |
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| Pumping Tests | |
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| Permanent Effect of Structures on the Groundwater Body | |
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| Investigation of the Potential Side Effects of Dewatering | |
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| Presentation in the Bidding Documents | |
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| Pump Theory | |
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| Types of Pumps Used in Dewatering | |
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| Total Dynamic Head | |
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| Pump Performance Curves | |
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| Vacuum Pumps | |
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| Air Lift Pumping | |
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| Testing of Pumps | |
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| Groundwater Chemistry, Bacteriology, and Fouling of Dewatering Systems | |
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| Types of Corrosion | |
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| Corrosive Groundwater Conditions | |
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| Dewatering in Corrosive Groundwater Conditions | |
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| Incrustation | |
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| Mineral Incrustation | |
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| Biological Incrustation | |
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| Dewatering Systems and Incrustation | |
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| Field Evaluation of Well Fouling | |
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| Rehabilitation and Maintenance | |
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| Analysis of Groundwater | |
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| Contaminated Groundwater | |
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| Contaminants Frequently Encountered | |
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| Design Options at a Contaminated Site | |
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| Estimating Water Quantity to Be Treated | |
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| Other Considerations in Treatment Design | |
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| Elements of Groundwater Treatment | |
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| Recovery of Contaminated Water with Dewatering Techniques | |
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| Dynamic Barriers | |
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| Wellpoint Systems and Multiphase Contaminants | |
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| Reinjection | |
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| Health and Safety | |
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| Regulating Authorities | |
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| Piping Systems | |
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| Dewatering Pipe and Fittings | |
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| Losses in Discharge Piping | |
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| Losses in Wellpoint Header Lines | |
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| Losses in Ejector Headers | |
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| Water Hammer | |
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| Practice | |
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| Choosing a Method of Groundwater Control | |
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| To Pump or Not to Pump | |
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| Open Pumping Versus Predrainage | |
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| Methods of Predrainage | |
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| Methods of Cutoff and Exclusion | |
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| Methods in Combination | |
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| Sumps, Drains, and Open Pumping | |
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| Soil and Water Conditions | |
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| Boils and Blows | |
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| Construction of Sumps | |
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| Ditches and Drains | |
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| Gravel Bedding | |
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| Slope Stabilization with Sandbags, Gravel, and Geotextiles | |
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| Use of Geotextiles | |
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| Soldier Piles and Lagging: Standup Time | |
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| Longterm Effect of Buried Drains | |
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| Leaking Utilities | |
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| Battered Wellpoints | |
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| Horizontal Wellpoints | |
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| Deep Well Systems | |
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| Testing During Well Construction | |
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| Well Installation and Construction Methods | |
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| Wellscreen and Casing | |
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| Filter Packs | |
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| Development of Wells | |
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| Well Construction Details | |
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| Pressure Relief Wells, Vacuum Wells | |
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| Wells That Pump Sand | |
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| Systems of Low-capacity Wells | |
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| Wellpoint Systems | |
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| Suction Lifts | |
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| Single and Multistage Systems | |
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| Wellpoint Design | |
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| Wellpoint Spacing | |
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| Wellpoint Depth | |
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| Installation of Wellpoints | |
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| Filter Sands | |
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| Wellpoint Pumps, Header, and Discharge Piping | |
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| Tuning Wellpoint Systems | |
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| Air/Water Separation | |
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| Automatic Mops | |
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| Vertical Wellpoint Pumps | |
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| Wellpoints for Stabilization of Fine-grained Soils | |
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| Wellpoint Systems for Trench Work | |
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| Ejector Systems and Other Methods | |
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| Two-pipe and Single-pipe Ejectors | |
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| Ejector Pumping Stations | |
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| Ejector Efficiency | |
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| Design of Nozzles and Venturis | |
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| Ejector Risers and Swings | |
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| Ejector Headers | |
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| Ejector Installation | |
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| Ejectors and Groundwater Quality | |
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| Ejectors and Soil Stabilization | |
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| Drilled Horizontal Wells | |
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| Trencher Drains | |
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| Groundwater Cutoff Structures | |
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| Cutoff Terminology and Efficiency | |
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| Steel Sheet Piling | |
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| Slurry Trenches | |
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| Slurry Diaphragm Walls | |
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| Secant Piles | |
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| Deep Soil Mixing | |
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| Tremie Seals | |
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| Grouting Methods | |
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| Permeation Grouting | |
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| Jet Grouting | |
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| Rock Curtain Grouting | |
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| Grouting of Structures and Flowpaths | |
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| Dewatering and Groundwater Control for Soft Ground Tunneling | |
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| Soft Ground Tunneling Methods with Conventional Dewatering | |
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| Ground Behavior | |
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| Mixed-face Ground Conditions | |
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| Dewatering Design for Tunnels | |
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| Methods of Tunnel Predrainage | |
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| Tunneling Techniques with Built-in Groundwater Control | |
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| Compressed Air Tunneling | |
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| Dewatering of Access Shafts, Penetrations, and Starter Tunnels | |
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| Ground Freezing | |
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| General Principles | |
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| Freezing Applications | |
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| Freezing Methods and Equipment | |
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| Ground Freezing and Soils | |
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| Design | |
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| Effect of Groundwater Movement | |
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| Ground Movement Potential as a Result of Artificial Freezing | |
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| Artificial Recharge | |
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| Recharge Applications | |
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| Design Objectives | |
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| Potential Problems with Recharge Water and Plugging of Wells | |
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| Sources of Recharge Water | |
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| Treatment of Recharge Water | |
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| Construction of Recharge Systems | |
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| Operation and Maintenance of Recharge Systems | |
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| Permits for Recharge Operations | |
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| Electrical Design for Dewatering Systems | |
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| Electrical Motors | |
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| Motor Controls | |
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| Power Factor | |
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| Electric Generators | |
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| Switchgear and Distribution Systems | |
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| Grounding of Electrical Circuits | |
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| Cost of Electrical Energy | |
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| Long-term Dewatering Systems | |
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| Types of Long-term Systems | |
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| Access for Maintenance | |
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| Instrumentation and Controls | |
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| Dewatering Costs | |
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| Format of the Estimate | |
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| Basic Cost Data | |
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| Mobilization | |
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| Installation and Removal | |
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| Operation and Maintenance | |
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| Summary | |
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| Specialty Dewatering Subcontractor Quotations | |
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| Dewatering Specifications, Allocation of Risk, Dispute Avoidance, and Resolution of Disputes | |
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| Performance Specifications | |
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| Owner-designed Dewatering Systems | |
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| Specified Minimum Systems | |
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| Dewatering Submittals | |
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| Third-party Damage Caused by Dewatering | |
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| Differing Site Conditions | |
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| Disputes Review Board | |
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| Index | |