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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Introduction and Overview | |
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Switching and Transmission | |
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Roles of Switching and Transmission | |
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Telephone Network Switching and Transmission Hierarchy | |
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Multiplexing and Concentration | |
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Timescales of Information Transfer | |
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Sessions and Circuits | |
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Messages | |
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Packets and Cells | |
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Broadband Integrated Services Network | |
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Problems | |
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Circuit Switch Design Principles | |
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Space-Domain Circuit Switching | |
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Nonblocking Properties | |
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Complexity of Nonblocking Switches | |
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Clos Switching Network | |
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Benes Switching Network | |
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Baseline and Reverse Baseline Networks | |
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Cantor Switching Network | |
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Time-Domain and Time-Space-Time Circuit Switching | |
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Time-Domain Switching | |
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Time-Space-Time Switching | |
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Problems | |
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Fundamental Principles of Packet Switch Design | |
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Packet Contention in Switches | |
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Fundamental Properties of Interconnection Networks | |
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Definition of Banyan Networks | |
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Simple Switches Based on Banyan Networks | |
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Combinatoric Properties of Banyan Networks | |
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Nonblocking Conditions for the Banyan Network | |
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Sorting Networks | |
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Basic Concepts of Comparison Networks | |
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Sorting Networks Based on Bitonic Sort | |
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The Odd-Even Sorting Network | |
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Switching and Contention Resolution in Sort-Banyan Network | |
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Nonblocking and Self-Routing Properties of Clos Networks | |
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Nonblocking Route Assignment | |
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Recursiveness Property | |
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Basic Properties of Half-Clos Networks | |
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Sort-Clos Principle | |
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Problems | |
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Switch Performance Analysis and Design Improvements | |
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Performance of Simple Switch Designs | |
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Throughput of an Internally Nonblocking Loss System | |
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Throughput of an Input-Buffered Switch | |
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Delay of an Input-Buffered Switch | |
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Delay of an Output-Buffered Switch | |
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Design Improvements for Input Queueing Switches | |
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Look-Ahead Contention Resolution | |
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Parallel Iterative Matching | |
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Design Improvements Based on Output Capacity Expansion | |
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Speedup Principle | |
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Channel-Grouping Principle | |
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Knockout Principle | |
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Replication Principle | |
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Dilation Principle | |
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Problems | |
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Advanced Switch Design Principles | |
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Switch Design Principles Based on Deflection Routing | |
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Tandem-Banyan Network | |
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Shuffle-Exchange Network | |
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Feedback Shuffle-Exchange Network | |
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Feedback Bidirectional Shuffle-Exchange Network | |
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Dual Shuffle-Exchange Network | |
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Switching by Memory I/O | |
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Design Principles for Scalable Switches | |
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Generalized Knockout Principle | |
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Modular Architecture | |
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Problems | |
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Switching Principles for Multicast, Multirate, and Multimedia Services | |
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Multicast Switching | |
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Multicasting Based on Nonblocking Copy Networks | |
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Performance Improvement of Copy Networks | |
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Multicasting Algorithm for Arbitrary Network Topologies | |
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Nonblocking Copy Networks Based on Broadcast Clos Networks | |
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Path Switching | |
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Basic Concept of Path Switching | |
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Capacity and Route Assignments for Multirate Traffic | |
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Trade-Off Between Performance and Complexity | |
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Multicasting in Path Switching | |
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Appendix | |
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A Formulation of Effective Bandwidth | |
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Approximations of Effective Bandwidth Based on On-Off Source Model | |
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Problems | |
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Basic Concepts of Broadband Communication Networks | |
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Synchronous Transfer Mode | |
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Delays in ATM Network | |
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Cell Size Consideration | |
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Cell Networking, Virtual Channels, and Virtual Paths | |
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No Data Link Layer | |
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Cell Sequence Preservation | |
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Virtual-Circuit Hop-by-Hop Routing | |
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Virtual Channels and Virtual Paths | |
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Routing, Using VCI and VPI | |
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Motivations for VP/VC Two-Tier Hierarchy | |
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ATM Layer, Adaptation Layer, and Service Class | |
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Transmission Interface | |
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Approaches Toward IP over ATM | |
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Classical IP over ATM | |
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Next Hop Resolution Protocol | |
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IP Switch and Cell Switch Router | |
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ARIS and Tag Switching | |
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Multiprotocol Label Switching | |
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ATM Cell Format | |
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ATM Layer | |
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Adaptation Layer | |
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Problems | |
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Network Traffic Control and Bandwidth Allocation | |
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Fluid-Flow Model: Deterministic Discussion | |
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Fluid-Flow On-Off Source Model: Stochastic Treatment | |
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Traffic Shaping and Policing | |
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Open-Loop Flow Control and Scheduling | |
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First-Come-First-Serve Scheduling | |
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Fixed-Capacity Assignment | |
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Round-Robin Scheduling | |
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Weighted Fair Queueing | |
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Delay Bound in Weighted Fair Queueing with Leaky-Bucket Access Control | |
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Closed-Loop Flow Control | |
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Problems | |
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Packet Switching and Information Transmission | |
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Duality of Switching and Transmission | |
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Parallel Characteristics of Contention and Noise | |
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Pseudo Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Packet Switch | |
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Clos Network with Random Routing as a Noisy Channel | |
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Clos Network with Deflection Routing | |
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Cascaded Clos Network | |
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Analysis of Deflection Clos Network | |
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Route Assignments and Error-Correcting Codes | |
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Complete Matching in Bipartite Graphs | |
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Graphical Codes | |
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Route Assignments of Benes Network | |
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Clos Network as Noiseless Channel-Path Switching | |
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Capacity Allocation | |
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Capacity Matrix Decomposition | |
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Scheduling and Source Coding | |
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Smoothness of Scheduling | |
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Comparison of Scheduling Algorithms | |
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Two-Dimensional Scheduling | |
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Conclusion | |
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Bibliography | |