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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Perfect Crystals | |
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| Lattice Geometry | |
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| The Unit Cell | |
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| Lattice Planes and Directions | |
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| The Weiss Zone Law | |
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| Symmetry Elements | |
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| Translational Symmetry | |
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| Rotational Symmetry | |
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| Reflection Symmetry | |
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| Restrictions on Symmetry Elements | |
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| Possible Combinations of Rotational Symmetries | |
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| Crystal Systems | |
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| Space Lattices (Bravais Lattices) | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Point Groups and Space Groups | |
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| Macroscopic Symmetry Elements | |
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| Orthorhombic System | |
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| Tetragonal System | |
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| Cubic System | |
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| Hexagonal System | |
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| Trigonal System | |
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| Monoclinic System | |
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| Triclinic System | |
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| Special Forms in the Crystal Classes | |
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| Enantiomorphous Crystal Classes | |
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| Laue Groups | |
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| Space Groups | |
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| Nomenclature for Point Groups and Space Groups | |
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| Groups, Subgroups and Supergroups | |
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| An Example of a Three-Dimensional Space Group | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Crystal Structures | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Common Metallic Structures | |
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| Cubic Close-Packed (Fm3m) | |
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| Hexagonal Close-Packed (P6<sub>3</sub>/mmc) | |
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| Double Hexagonal Close-Packed (P6<sub>3</sub>/mmc) | |
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| Body-Centred Cubic (Im3m) | |
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| Related Metallic Structures | |
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| Indium (I4/mmm) | |
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| Mercury (R3m) | |
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| �-Sn (I4<sub>1</sub>/and) | |
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| Other Elements and Related Compounds | |
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| Diamond (Fd3m) | |
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| Graphite (P6<sub>3</sub>/mmc) | |
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| Hexagonal Boron Nitride (P6<sub>3</sub>/mmc) | |
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| Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth (R3m) | |
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| Simple MX and MX<sub>2</sub> Compounds | |
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| Sodium Chloride, NaCl (Fm3m) | |
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| Caesium Chloride, CsCl (Pm3m) | |
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| Sphalerite, �-ZnS (F43m) | |
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| Wurtzite, �-ZnS (P6<sub>3</sub>mc) | |
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| Nickel Arsenide, NiAs (P6<sub>3</sub>/mmc) | |
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| Calcium Fluoride, CaF<sub>2</sub> (Fm3m) | |
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| Rutile, TiO<sub>2</sub> (P4<sub>2</sub>/mnm) | |
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| Other Inorganic Compounds | |
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| Perovskite (Pm3m) | |
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| �-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (R3c), FeTiO<sub>3</sub> (R3) and LiNbO<sub>3</sub> (R3c) | |
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| Spinel (Fd3m), Inverse Spinel and Related Structures | |
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| Garnet (Ia3d) | |
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| Calcite, CaCO<sub>3</sub> (R3c) | |
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| Interatomic Distances | |
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| Solid Solutions | |
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| Polymers | |
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| Additional Crystal Structures and their Designation | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Amorphous Materials and Special Types of Crystal-Solid Aggregates | |
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| introduction | |
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| Amorphous Materials | |
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| Liquid Crystals | |
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| Nematic Phases | |
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| Cholesteric Phases | |
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| Smectic Phases | |
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| Geometry of Polyhedra | |
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| Icosahedral Packing | |
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| Quasicrystals | |
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| A Little Recent History and a New Definition | |
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| Incommensurate Structures | |
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| Foams, Porous Materials and Cellular Materials | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Tensors | |
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| Nature of a Tensor | |
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| Transformation of Components of a Vector | |
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| Dummy Suffix Notation | |
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| Transformation of Components of a Second-Rank Tensor | |
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| Definition of a Tensor of the Second Rank | |
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| Tensor, of the Second Rank Referred to Principal Axes | |
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| Limitations Imposed by Crystal Symmetry for Second-Rank Tensors | |
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| Representation Quadric | |
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| Radius-Normal Property of the Representation Quadric | |
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| Third- and Fourth-Rank Tensors | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Strain, Stress, Piezoelectricity and Elasticity | |
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| Strain: Introduction | |
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| Infinitesimal Strain | |
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| Stress | |
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| Piezoelectricity | |
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| Class 2 | |
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| Class 222 | |
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| Class 23 | |
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| Class 432 | |
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| The Converse Effect | |
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| Elasticity of Crystals | |
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| Class 1 | |
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| Class 2 | |
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| Class 222 | |
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| Class 23 | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Imperfect Crystals | |
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| Glide and Texture | |
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| Translation Glide | |
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| Glide Elements | |
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| Independent Slip Systems | |
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| Large Strains of Single Crystals: The Choice of Glide System | |
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| Large Strains: The Change in the Orientation of the Lattice During Glide | |
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| Texture | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Dislocations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Dislocation Motion | |
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| The Force on a Dislocation | |
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| The Distortion in a Dislocated Crystal | |
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| Atom Positions Close to a Dislocation | |
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| The Interaction of Dislocations with One Another | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Dislocations in Crystals | |
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| The Strain Energy of a Dislocation | |
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| Stacking Faults and Partial Dislocations | |
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| Dislocations in C.C.P. Metals | |
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| Dislocations in the Rock Salt Structure | |
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| Dislocations in Hexagonal Metals | |
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| Dislocations in B.C.C. Crystals | |
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| Dislocations in Some Covalent Solids | |
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| Dislocations in Other Crystal Structures | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Point Defects | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Point Defects in Ionic Crystals | |
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| Point Defect Aggregates | |
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| Point Defect Configurations | |
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| Experiments on Point Defects in Equilibrium | |
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| Experiments on Quenched Metals | |
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| Radiation Damage | |
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| Anelasticity and Point Defect Symmetry | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Twinning | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Description of Deformation Twinning | |
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| Examples of Twin Structures | |
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| C.C.P. Metals | |
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| B.C.C. Metals | |
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| Sphalerite (Zinc Blende) | |
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| Calcite | |
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| Hexagonal Metals | |
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| Graphite | |
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| Twinning Elements | |
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| The Morphology of Deformation Twinning | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Martensitic Transformations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| General Crystallographic Features | |
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| Transformation in Cobalt | |
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| Transformation in Zirconium | |
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| Transformation of Indium-Thallium Alloys | |
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| Transformations in Steels | |
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| Transformations in Copper Alloys | |
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| Transformations in Ni-Ti-Based Alloys | |
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| Transformations in Nonmetals | |
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| Crystallographic Aspects of Nucleation and Growth | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Crystal Interfaces | |
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| The Structure of Surfaces and Surface Free Energy | |
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| Structure and Energy of Grain Boundaries | |
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| Interface Junctions | |
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| The Shapes of Crystals and Grains | |
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| Boundaries between Different Phases | |
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| Strained Layer Epitaxy of Semiconductors | |
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| Problems | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Crystallographic Calculations | |
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| Vector Algebra | |
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| The Scalar Product | |
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| The Vector Product | |
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| The Reciprocal Lattice | |
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| Matrices | |
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| Rotation Matrices and Unit Quaternions | |
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| References | |
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| The Stereographic Projection | |
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| Principles | |
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| Constructions | |
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| To Construct a Small Circle | |
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| To Find the Opposite of a Pole | |
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| To Draw a Great Circle through Two Poles | |
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| To Find the Pole of a Great Circle | |
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| To Measure the Angle between two Poles on an inclined Great Circle | |
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| Constructions with the Wulff Net | |
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| Two-Surface Analysis | |
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| Proof of the Properties of the Stereographic Projection | |
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| References | |
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| Interplanar Spacings and Interplanar Angles | |
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| Interplanar Spacings | |
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| Triclinic | |
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| Monoclinic | |
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| Orthorhombic | |
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| Trigonal | |
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| Tetragonal | |
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| Hexagonal | |
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| Cubic | |
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| Interplanar Angles | |
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| Orthorhombic | |
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| Hexagonal | |
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| Cubic | |
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| Transformation of Indices Following a Change of Unit Cell | |
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| Change of Indices of Directions | |
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| Change of Indices of Planes | |
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| Example 1: Interchange of Hexagonal and Orthorhombic Indices for Hexagonal Crystals | |
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| Example 2: Interchange of Rhombohedral and Hexagonal Indices | |
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| Slip Systems in C.C.P. and B.C.C. Crystals | |
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| Independent Glide Systems in C.C.P. Metals | |
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| Example: Slip Along [110] on the (111) Slip Plane | |
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| Number of Independent Glide Systems | |
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| Diehl's Rule and the OILS Rule | |
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| Use of Diehl's Rule for {111} <110> Slip (Such as C.C.P. Metals) | |
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| Use of Diehl's Rule for {110} <111> Slip (Such as B.C.C. Metals) | |
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| The OILS Rule | |
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| Proof of Diehl's Rule and the OILS Rule | |
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| References | |
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| Homogeneous Strain | |
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| Simple Extension | |
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| Simple Shear | |
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| Pure Shear | |
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| The Relationship between Pure Shear and Simple Shear | |
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| Crystal Structure Data | |
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| Crystal Structures of the Elements, Interatomic Distances and Six-Fold Coordination-Number Ionic Radii | |
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| Crystals with the Sodium Chloride Structure | |
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| Crystals with the Caesium Chloride Structure | |
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| Crystals with the Sphalerite Structure | |
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| Crystals with the Wurtzite Structure | |
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| Crystals with the Nickel Arsenide Structure | |
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| Crystals with the Fluorite Structure | |
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| Crystals with the Rutile Structure | |
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| Further Resources | |
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| Useful Web Sites | |
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| Computer Software Packages | |
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| Brief Solutions to Selected Problems | |
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| Index | |