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| About the Authors | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| The QOS Realm | |
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| The QOS World | |
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| Operation and Signaling | |
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| Standards and Per-Hop Behavior | |
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| Traffic Characterization | |
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| A Router Without QOS | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| The QOS Tools | |
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| Classifiers and Classes of Service | |
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| Metering and Coloring - CIR/PIR Model | |
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| The Policer Tool | |
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| The Shaper Function | |
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| Comparing Policing and Shaping | |
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| Queue | |
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| The Scheduler | |
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| The Rewrite Tool | |
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| Example of Combining Tools | |
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| Delay and Jitter Insertion | |
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| Packet Loss | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Challenges | |
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| Defining the Classes of Service | |
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| Classes of Service and Queues Mapping | |
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| Inherent Delay Factors | |
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| Congestion Points | |
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| Trust Borders | |
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| Granularity Levels | |
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| Control Traffic | |
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| Trust, Granularity, and Control Traffic | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Traffic Types | |
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| Anatomy of the TCP Protocol | |
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| The TCP Session | |
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| TCP Congestion Mechanism | |
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| TCP Congestion Scenario | |
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| PMTU | |
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| QOS Conclusions for TCP | |
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| Real-Time Traffic | |
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| Anatomy of Real-Time Traffic | |
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| RTP | |
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| VOIP | |
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| QOS Conclusions for VOIP | |
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| IPTV | |
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| Long-lasting versus Short-lived Sessions | |
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| Example of Internet Radio/Video | |
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| Example of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Applications | |
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| Discovering P2P on the Network | |
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| Illegal File Sharing and Copyright Violation | |
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| QOS Conclusions for New Internet Applications | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Tools | |
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| Classifiers | |
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| Packet QOS Markings | |
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| Inbound Interface Information | |
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| Deep Packet Inspection | |
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| Selecting Classifiers | |
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| The QOS Network Perspective | |
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| MPLS DiffServ-TE | |
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| Mixing Different QOS Realms | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Policing and Shaping | |
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| Token Buckets | |
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| Traffic Bursts | |
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| Dual-Rate Token Buckets | |
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| Shapers and Leaky Buckets | |
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| Excess Traffic and Oversubscription | |
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| Comparing and Applying Policer and Shaper Tools | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Queuing and Scheduling | |
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| Queuing and Scheduling Concepts | |
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| Packets and Cellification | |
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| Different Types of Queuing Disciplines | |
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| FIFO - First in, First out | |
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| Fair Queuing | |
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| Priority Queuing | |
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| Weighted Fair Queuing | |
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| Weighted Round Robin | |
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| Deficit Weighted Round Robin | |
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| Priority-Based Deficit Weighted Round Robin | |
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| Conclusions about the Best Queuing Discipline | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Advanced Queuing Topics | |
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| Hierarchical Scheduling | |
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| Queues Lengths and Buffer Size | |
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| Dynamically Sized versus Fixed-Size Queue Buffers | |
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| RED - Random Early Discard | |
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| Using RED with TCP Sessions | |
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| Differentiating Traffic Inside a Queue with WRED | |
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| Head versus Tail RED | |
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| Segmented and Interpolated RED Profiles | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| The VPLS Case Study | |
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| High-Level Case Study Overview | |
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| Virtual Private Networks | |
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| Service Overview | |
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| Service Technical Implementation | |
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| Network Internals | |
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| Classes of Service and Queue Mapping | |
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| Classification and Trust Borders | |
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| Admission Control | |
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| Rewrite Rules | |
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| Absorbing Traffic Bursts at the Egress | |
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| Queues and Scheduling at Core-Facing Interfaces | |
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| Queues and Scheduling at Customer-Facing Interfaces | |
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| Tracing a Packet Through the Network | |
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| Adding More Services | |
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| Multicast Traffic | |
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| Using Bandwidth Reservations | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Case Study IP RAN and Mobile Backhaul QOS | |
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| Evolution from 2G to 4G | |
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| 2G Network Components | |
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| Traffic on 2G Networks | |
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| 3G Network Components | |
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| Traffic on 3G Networks | |
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| LTE Network Components | |
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| LTE Traffic Types | |
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| LTE Traffic Classes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Index | |