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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols | |
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| Introduction to Raman spectroscopy | |
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| Theoretical Aspects | |
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| Classical Approach | |
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| Selection Rule | |
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| Energy Levels and Group Frequencies | |
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| Raman Intensity | |
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| Raman Bandwidth | |
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| The General Appearance of a Raman Spectrum | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Harmonic Oscillator and the Position of the Vibrational Energy Levels | |
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| The Anharmonic Oscillator and the Position of Vibrational Energy Levels | |
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| Raman Intensity Annotations | |
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| Interferences and Side-effects | |
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| Absorption | |
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| Fluorescence | |
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| Thermal Effects, Photodecomposition and Laser Ablation | |
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| Ambient Light and Background Radiation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Enhancement of the Raman Signal | |
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| Resonance Raman (RR) Spectroscopy | |
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| Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) | |
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| Working Principle of SERS | |
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| Chemical Enhancement | |
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| Field Enhancement | |
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| Preparation of SERS Substrates | |
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| Colloids | |
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| Sputtering | |
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| Electrochemical Production | |
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| Etching | |
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| SERS Active Molecules | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of SERS | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Analysis of Organic Dyes by SERS | |
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| Raman Instrumentation | |
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| Lasers | |
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| Classification According to Safety Category | |
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| The Operating Principle of the Laser | |
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| Lasers for Raman Spectroscopy | |
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| Detectors | |
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| Single-Channel Detectors | |
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| Multi-Channel Detectors | |
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| Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Detectors | |
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| Semi-conductor Detectors | |
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| Filters | |
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| Dispersion Systems | |
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| Systems Based on Diffraction of Light | |
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| Fourier-Transform (FT-) Systems | |
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| Components for Transportation of Light | |
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| Sample Chambers and Measurement Probes | |
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| Noise in Raman Spectroscopy | |
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| Noise Originating from the Sample: �<sub>s</sub> | |
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| Noise Originating from the Raman Instrument: �<sub>i</sub> | |
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| Noise Originating from the Signal Processing: �<sub>p</sub> | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Helium-Neon laser | |
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| Raman Spectroscopy in Daily Lab-life | |
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| Calibration of a Raman Spectrometer | |
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| X-Axis Calibration | |
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| Y-Axis Calibration | |
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| Raman Spectral Post-processing | |
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| Digital Filters | |
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| Scaling | |
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| Deconvolution | |
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| Baseline Corrections | |
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| Interpretation of Raman Spectra of Organic Molecules | |
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| Raman Spectra of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes | |
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| Raman Spectra of Alkenes and Cycloalkenes | |
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| Raman Spectra of Aromates | |
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| Interpretation of Raman Spectra of Inorganic Molecules | |
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| Quantitative Aspects of Raman Spectroscopy | |
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| Fingerprinting and Spectral Searching Algorithms | |
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| Raman Mapping and Imaging | |
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| Combination with Other Techniques | |
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| Summary | |
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| Micro-Raman Spectroscopy in Microbiology | |
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| Raman Spectroscopy in a Forensics Laboratory | |
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| Pigment Analysis with Raman Spectroscopy | |
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| Detection of Counterfeit Medicines with Raman Spectroscopy | |
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| Exobiology: Raman Spectroscopy Helps the Search for Life on Mars | |
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| Direct Analysis of Precious Art Objects | |
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| Responses to Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Glossary of Terms | |
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| Index | |