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| How to Use this Book | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Concept of "Theology": A Brief Introduction | |
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| The Architecture of Theology | |
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| Biblical studies | |
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| Systematic theology | |
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| Philosophical theology | |
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| Pastoral theology | |
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| Church history | |
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| Historical Theology: Its Purpose and Place | |
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| The development of historical theology | |
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| Historical theology as a pedagogic tool | |
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| Historical theology as a critical tool | |
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| Historical theology as a resource for systematic theology | |
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| The Patristic Period, c. 100-451 | |
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| A Clarification of Terms | |
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| Difficulties in Approaching Patristic Theology | |
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| The Historical Background to Patristic Theology | |
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| The historical importance of the city of Rome | |
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| The problem of persecution | |
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| The conversion of Constantine | |
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| The development of public theological debate | |
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| Centers of Theological Reflection | |
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| Key Theologians | |
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| Justin Martyr | |
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| Irenaeus of Lyons | |
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| Origen | |
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| Tertullian | |
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| Athanasius | |
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| Augustine of Hippo | |
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| Key Theological Developments | |
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| The relation of Christian faith and classical culture | |
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| The extent of the New Testament canon | |
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| The role of tradition | |
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| The fixing of the ecumenical creeds | |
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| The two natures of Jesus Christ | |
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| The doctrine of the Trinity | |
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| The doctrine of the church | |
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| The doctrine of grace | |
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| Key Names, Words, and Phrases | |
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| Questions | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| The Bible and tradition | |
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| The Arian controversy: The divinity of Christ | |
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| The Alexandrian Christological school: The Apollinarian controversy | |
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| The Antiochene Christological School: The Nestroian controversy | |
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| The Trinity: Early developments and controversies | |
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| The church: The Donatist controversy | |
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| Grace: The Pelagian controversy | |
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| Faith and philosophy | |
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| The Middle Ages and the Renaissance, C.500-1500 | |
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| On Defining the "Middle Ages" | |
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| Medieval Theological Landmarks in Western Europe | |
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| The Carolingian renaissance | |
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| The rise of cathedral and monastic schools of theology | |
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| The religious orders and their "schools of theology" | |
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| The founding of the universities | |
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| Peter Lombard's Four Books of the Sentences | |
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| The Rise of Scholasticism | |
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| The Italian Renaissance | |
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| The Rise of Humanism | |
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| Medieval Theological Landmarks in Eastern Europe | |
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| The emergence of Byzantine theology | |
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| The iconoclastic controversy | |
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| The hesychastic controversy | |
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| The fall of Constantinople (1453) | |
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| Key Theologians | |
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| John of Damascus | |
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| Simeon the New Theologian | |
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| Anselm of Canterbury | |
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| Thomas Aquinas | |
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| Duns Scotus | |
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| William of Ockham | |
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| Erasmus of Rotterdam | |
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| Key Theological Developments | |
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| The consolidation of the patristic heritage | |
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| The exploration of the role of reason in theology | |
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| The development of theological systems | |
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| The development of sacramental theology | |
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| The development of the theology of grace | |
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| The role of Mary in the scheme of salvation | |
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| Returning directly to the sources of Christian theology | |
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| The critique of the Vulgate translation of Scripture | |
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| Key Names, Words, and Phrases | |
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| Questions | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Arguments for the existence of God | |
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| Understandings of the atonement | |
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| The theology of the sacraments | |
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| The interpretation of the Bible | |
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| Renaissance humanism and the Bible | |
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| Augustinianism and Pelagianism in late medieval theology | |
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| The Reformation and Post-Reformation Periods, 1500-1750 | |
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| Reformation - or Reformations? | |
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| A Clarification of Terms | |
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| The German Reformation - Lutheranism | |
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| The Swiss Reformation - the Reformed church | |
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| The radical Reformation - Anabaptism | |
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| The English Reformation - Anglicanism | |
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| The Catholic Reformation | |
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| Protestant Orthodoxy | |
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| Post-Reformation Movements | |
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| The consolidation of Catholicism | |
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| Puritanism | |
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| Pietism | |
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| Key Theologians | |
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| Martin Luther | |
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| Huldrych Zwingli | |
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| John Calvin | |
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| Teresa of Avil� | |
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| Theodore Beza | |
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| Johann Gerhard | |
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| Roberto Bellarmine | |
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| Jonathan Edwards | |
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| Key Theological Developments | |
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| The sources of theology | |
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| The doctrine of grace | |
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| The doctrine of the sacraments | |
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| The doctrine of the church | |
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| Developments in Theological Literature | |
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| Catechisms | |
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| Confessions of faith | |
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| Works of systematic theology | |
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| Key Names, Words, and Phrases | |
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| Questions | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Bible and tradition in the Reformation debates | |
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| Justification by faith: Protestantism and the Council of Trent | |
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| The nature of the real presence: Luther, Zwingli, and the Council of Trent | |
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| The debate over infant baptism | |
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| The doctrine of the church: Trends within Protestantism | |
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| Theology and astronomy: The Copernican and Galileian debates | |
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| The Modern Period, 1750 to the Present Day | |
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| A Cultural Waterrshed: The Enlightenment | |
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| The Enlightenment Critique of Christian Theology | |
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| The notion of revelation | |
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| The status and interpretation of the Bible | |
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| The identity and significance of Jesus Christ | |
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| The doctrine of the Trinity | |
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| The critique of miracles | |
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| The rejection of original sin | |
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| The problem of evil | |
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| Romanticism and the Critique of the Enlightenment | |
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| The Crisis of Faith in Victorian England | |
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| Postmodernism and a New Theological Agenda | |
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| Key Theologians | |
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| F. D. E. Schleiermancher | |
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| John Henry Newman | |
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| Karl Barth | |
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| Paul Tillich | |
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| Karl Rahner | |
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| Hans Urs von Balthasar | |
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| J�rgen Moltmann | |
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| Wolfhart Pannenberg | |
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| Some Recent Western Theological Movements and Trends | |
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| Liberal Protestantism | |
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| Modernism | |
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| Neo-orthodoxy | |
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| Ressourcement, or, la nouvelle th�ologie | |
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| Feminism | |
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| Liberation theology | |
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| Black theology | |
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| Postliberalism | |
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| Radical orthodoxy | |
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| Key Names, Words, and Phrases | |
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| Questions | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| The quests of the historical Jesus | |
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| The basis and nature of salvation | |
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| The debate over the Resurrection | |
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| The Trinity in twentieth-century thought | |
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| Twentieth-century discussions of the doctrine of the church | |
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| Natural theology and the rationality of faith | |
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| The feminist critique of traditional Christian theology | |
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| Christian approaches to other religions | |
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| Where Next? | |
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| Details of Theologians | |
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| A Glossary of Theological Terms | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Sources of Citations | |
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| Index | |