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| Preface to Second Edition | |
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| Preface to First Edition | |
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| Preliminaries | |
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| Elements | |
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| Allosteric Effectors | |
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| Membranes | |
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| Membrane Signalling Systems | |
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| Channels and Gates | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Membranes, Action Potentials, Synapses | |
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| The Measurement of Resting Potentials | |
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| The Ionic Bases of Resting Potentials | |
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| Electrotonic Potentials and Cable Conduction | |
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| Receptor and Generator Potentials | |
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| Sensory Adaptation | |
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| Action Potentials | |
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| Synapses and Synaptic Transmission | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| General Features of Sensory Systems | |
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| Classification of the Senses | |
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| Modality | |
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| Intensity | |
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| Adaptation | |
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| Receptive Fields | |
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| Maps of Sensory Surfaces | |
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| Hierarchical and Parallel Design | |
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| Feature Extraction and Trigger Stimuli | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Classification and Phylogeny | |
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| Systematics | |
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| Classification into Six Kingdoms | |
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| Unicellularity | |
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| Multicellularity | |
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| Protostomes and Deuterostomes | |
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| Classification of the Metazoa | |
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| Evolution of Nervous Systems | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Genes, Genomics and Neurosensory Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Comparative Genomics | |
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| Genomes and Neurosensory Systems | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Notes, References and Bibliography | |
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| Mechanosensitivity | |
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| Mechanosensitive Channels in E. coli | |
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| Detection of Osmotic Swelling by Hypothalamic Cells in Mammals | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Kinaesthesia | |
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| Kinaesthetic Mechanisms in Arthropods | |
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| Stretch Receptors in Crustacean Muscle | |
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| Kinaesthetic Mechanisms in Mammals | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Touch | |
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| Mechanoreception in Caenorhabditis Elegans | |
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| Spiders | |
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| Insects | |
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| Tactile Receptors in Mammalian Skin | |
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| Cerebral Analysis of Touch | |
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| Plasticity of the Somaesthetic Cortex | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Equilibrium and Hearing: The Uses of Hair Cells | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology of Hair Cells | |
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| Lateral Line Canals | |
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| Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Biophysics of Outer Hair Cells | |
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| Genetics and Deafness | |
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| Cerebral Analysis | |
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| The Mammalian Vestibular Pathway and Reflexes | |
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| The Mammalian Auditory Pathway | |
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| The Avian Auditory Pathway and the Mapping of Auditory Space by the Barn Owl | |
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| The Mammalian Auditory Cortex | |
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| The Bat Auditory System and Echolocation | |
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| The Human Auditory Cortex and Language | |
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| Lateralization and the Neuroanatomy of Language | |
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| Language and the FOXP2 Gene | |
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| Callosectomy and After | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Broca and Wernicke | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Notes, References and Bibliography | |
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| Chemosensitivity | |
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| Chemosensitivity in Prokaryocytes | |
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| Chemosentivity in E. coli | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Mammalian Chemo- Enteroreceptors | |
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| Location of Mammalian Chemoreceptors for PaO<sub>2</sub> and PaCO<sub>2</sub> | |
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| Structure | |
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| Physiology | |
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| Biochemistry | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Gustation | |
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| Gustation in Insects | |
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| Gustation inMammals | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Olfaction | |
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| Insect Olfactory Systems | |
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| Mammalian Olfactory Systems | |
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| The Vertebrate Vomeronasal Organ (VNO) and Pheromones | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Notes, References and Bibliography | |
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| Photosensitivity | |
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| Box I4.1 Bacteriorhodopsin | |
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| Invertebrate Vision | |
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| Designs of Invertebrate Eyes | |
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| Examples of Invertebrate Eyes | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| The Evolution of Opsins | |
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| Early Genetics of Eyes | |
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| The Human Eye | |
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| Anatomy | |
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| Embryology | |
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| Detailed Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Movements of the Eyeball | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Genetics of Cataract | |
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| The Retina | |
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| Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) | |
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| Retina | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Visual Pathways and Cortices | |
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| Visual Pathways into the Brain | |
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| Primary Visual Cortex | |
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| Extrastriate Cortices | |
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| Face Recognition | |
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| Prosopagnosia | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| The Reality of Cortical Columns | |
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| Blindsight | |
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| Other Vertebrate Visual Systems | |
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| Visual Pigments | |
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| Photoreceptors | |
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| Tapeta | |
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| Retinae | |
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| Dioptric Apparatus | |
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| Median Eyes | |
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| Visual Pathways | |
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| Visual Centres in the Brain | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Notes, References and Bibliography | |
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| Other Senses | |
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| Thermosensitivity | |
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| Molecular Biology | |
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| Poikilotherms | |
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| Homeotherms | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Minority Senses | |
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| Infrared Radiation | |
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| Polarized Light | |
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| Electric Fields | |
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| Magnetic Fields | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Pain | |
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| The Biological Significance of Pain | |
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| Neurophysiology of Pain | |
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| Neuropharmacology of Pain Pathways | |
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| Referred Pain | |
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| Gate Theory | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Notes, References and Bibliography | |
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| CODA | |
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| Summing Up | |
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| Molecular Themes | |
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| Cellular Themes | |
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| Sense Organs | |
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| Central Analysers | |
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| Homeostasis | |
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| Different Sensory Worlds | |
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| From Abiotic to Biotic: Communication | |
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| From Biotic to Social Communication: Mirror Neurons | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Philosophical Postscript | |
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| Descartes | |
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| Qualia | |
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| Tabula Rasa? | |
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| Epigenetic Epistemology | |
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| Evolutionary Epistemology | |
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| Beyond Descartes | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Notes, References and Bibliography | |
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| Appendix: Some Techniques | |
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| Acronyms and Abbreviations | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |