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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Concrete and Reinforced Concrete | |
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Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material | |
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Disadvantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material | |
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Historical Background | |
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Comparison of Reinforced Concrete and Structural Steel for Buildings and Bridges | |
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Compatibility of Concrete and Steel | |
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Design Codes | |
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SI Units and Shaded Areas | |
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Types of Portland Cement | |
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Admixtures | |
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Properties of Reinforced Concrete | |
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Aggregates | |
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High-Strength Concretes | |
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Fiber-Reinforced Concretes | |
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Concrete Durability | |
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Reinforcing Steel | |
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Grades of Reinforcing Steel | |
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Bar Sizes and Material Strengths | |
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Corrosive Environments | |
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Identifying Marks on Reinforcing Bars | |
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Introduction to Loads | |
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Dead Loads | |
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Live Loads | |
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Environmental Loads | |
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Selection of Design Loads | |
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Calculation Accuracy | |
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Impact of Computers on Reinforced Concrete Design | |
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Flexural Analysis of Beams | |
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Introduction | |
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Cracking Moment | |
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Elastic Stresses-Concrete Cracked | |
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Ultimate or Nominal Flexural Moments | |
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Example Problem Using SI Units | |
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Computer Spreadsheets | |
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Strength Analysis of Beams According to ACI Code | |
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Design Methods | |
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Advantages of Strength Design | |
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Structural Safety | |
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Derivation of Beam Expressions | |
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Strains in Flexural Members | |
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Balanced Sections, Tension-Controlled Sections, and Compression-Controlled or Brittle Sections | |
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Strength Reduction or f Factors | |
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Minimum Percentage of Steel | |
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Balanced Steel Percentage | |
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Example Problems | |
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Computer Example | |
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Design of Rectangular Beams and One-Way Slabs | |
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Load Factors | |
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Design of Rectangular Beams | |
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Beam Design Examples | |
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Miscellaneous Beam Considerations | |
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Determining Steel Area When Beam Dimensions Are Predetermined | |
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Bundled Bars | |
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One-Way Slabs | |
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Cantilever Beams and Continuous Beams | |
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SI Example | |
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Computer Example | |
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Analysis and Design of T Beams and Doubly Reinforced Beams | |
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T Beams | |
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Analysis of T Beams | |
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Another Method for Analyzing T Beams | |
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Design of T Beams | |
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Design of T Beams for Negative Moments | |
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L-Shaped Beams | |
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Compression Steel | |
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Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams | |
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SI Examples | |
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Computer Examples | |
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Serviceability | |
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Introduction | |
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Importance of Deflections | |
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Control of Deflections | |
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Calculation of Deflections | |
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Effective Moments of Inertia | |
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Long-Term Deflections | |
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Simple-Beam Deflections | |
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Continuous-Beam Deflections | |
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Types of Cracks | |
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Control of Flexural Cracks | |
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ACI Code Provisions Concerning Cracks | |
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Miscellaneous Cracks | |
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SI Example | |
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Computer Examples | |
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Bond, Development Lengths, and Splices | |
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Cutting Off or Bending Bars | |
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Bond Stresses | |
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Development Lengths for Tension Reinforcing | |
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Development Lengths for Bundled Bars | |
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Hooks | |
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Development Lengths for Welded Wire Fabric in Tension | |
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Development Lengths for Compression Bars | |
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Critical Sections for Development Length | |
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Effect of Combined Shear and Moment on Development Lengths | |
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Effect of Shape of Moment Diagram on Development Lengths | |
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Cutting Off or Bending Bars (Continued) | |
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Bar Splices in Flexural Members | |
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Tension Splices | |
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Compression Splices | |
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Headed and Mechanically tAnchored Bars | |
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SI Example | |
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Computer Example | |
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Shear and Diagonal Tension | |
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Introduction | |
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Shear Stresses in Concrete Beams | |
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Lightweight Concrete | |
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Shear Strength of Concrete | |
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Shear Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Beams | |
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Web Reinforcement | |
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Behavior of Beams with Web Reinforcement | |
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Design for Shear | |
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ACI Code Requirements | |
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Example Shear Design Problems | |
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Economical Spacing of Stirrups | |
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Shear Friction and Corbels | |
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Shear Strength of Members Subjected to Axial Forces | |
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Shear Design Provisions for Deep Beams | |
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Introductory Comments on Torsion | |
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SI Example | |
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Computer Example | |
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Introduction to Columns | |
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General | |
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Types of Columns | |
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Axial Load Capacity of Columns | |
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Failure of Tied and Spiral Columns | |
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Code Requirements for Cast-in-Place Columns | |
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Safety Provisions for Columns | |
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Design Formulas | |
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Comments on Economical Column Design | |
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Design of Axially Loaded Columns | |
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SI Example | |
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Computer Example | |
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Design of Short Columns Subject to Axial Load and Bending | |
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Axial Load and Bending | |
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The Plastic Centroid | |
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Development of Interaction Diagrams | |
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Use of Interaction Diagrams | |
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Code Modifications of Column Interaction Diagrams | |
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Design and Analysis of Eccentrically Loaded Columns Using Interaction Diagrams | |
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Shear in Columns | |
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Biaxial Bending | |
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Design of Biaxially Loaded Columns | |
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Discussion of Capacity Reduction Factor, f | |
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Computer Example | |
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Slender Columns | |
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Introduction | |
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Nonsway and Sway Frames | |
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Slenderness Effects | |
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Determining k Factors with Alignment Charts | |
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Determining k Factors with Equations | |
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First-Order Analyses Using Special Member Properties | |
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Slender Columns in Nonsway or Sway Frames | |
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ACI Code Treatment of Slenderness Effects | |
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Magnification of Column Moments in Nonsway Frames | |
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Magnification of Column Moments in Sway Frames | |
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Analysis of Sway Frames | |
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Computer Examples | |
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Footings | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Footings | |
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Actual Soil Pressures | |
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Allowable Soil Pressures | |
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Design of Wall Footings | |
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Design of Square Isolated Footings | |
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Footings Supporting Round or Regular Polygon-Shaped Footings | |
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Load Transfer from Columns to Footings | |
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Rectangular Isolated Footings | |
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Combined Footings | |
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Footing Design for Equal Settlements | |
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Footings Subjected to Lateral Moments | |
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Transfer of Horizontal Forces | |
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Plain Concrete Footings | |
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SI Example | |
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Computer Examples | |
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Retaining Walls | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Retaining Walls | |
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Drainage | |
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Failures of Retaining Walls | |
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Lateral Pressures on Retaining Walls | |
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Footing Soil Pressures | |
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Design of Semigravity Retaining Walls | |
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Effect of Surcharge | |
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Estimating the Sizes of Cantilever Retaining Walls | |
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Design Procedure for Cantilever Retaining Walls | |
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Cracks and Wall Joints | |
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Continuous Reinforced Concrete Structures | |
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Introduction | |
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General Discussion of Analysis Methods | |
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Qualitative Influence Lines | |
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Limit Design | |
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Limit Design under the ACI Code | |
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Preliminary Design of Members | |
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Approximate Analysis of Continuous Frames for Vertical Loads | |
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Approximate Analysis of Continuous Frames for Lateral Loads | |
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Computer Analysis of Building Frames | |
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Lateral Bracing for Buildings | |
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Development Length Requirements for Continuous Members | |
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Torsion | |
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Introduction | |
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Torsional Reinforcing | |
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The Torsional Moments That Have to Be Considered in Design | |
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Torsional Stresses | |
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When Torsional Reinforcing is Required by the ACI | |
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Torsional Moment Strength | |
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Design of Torsional Reinforcing | |
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Additional ACI Requirements | |
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Example Problems Using U.S Customary Units | |
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SI Equations and Example Problem | |
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Computer Example | |
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Two-Way Slabs, Direct Design Method | |
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Introduction | |
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Analysis of Two-Way Slabs | |
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Design of Two-Way Slabs By the ACI Code | |
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MacCormac_FM_1?10/14/2008 | |
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Column and Middle Strips | |
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Shear Resistance of Slabs | |
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Depth Limitations and Stiffness Requirements | |
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Limitations of Direct Design Method | |
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Distribution of Moments in Slabs | |
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Design of An Interior Flat Plate | |
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Placing of Live Loads | |
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Analysis of Two-Way Slabs with Beams | |
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Transfer of Moments and Shears Between Slabs and Columns | |
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Openings in Slab Systems | |
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Computer Examples 521 Problems | |
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Two-Way Slabs, Equivalent Frame Method | |
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Moment Distribution for Nonprismatic Members | |
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Introduction to the Equivalent Frame Method | |
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Properties of Slab Beams | |
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Properties of Columns | |
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Example Problem | |
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Computer Analysis | |
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Walls | |
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Introduction | |
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Non-Load-Bearing Walls | |
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Load-Bearing Concrete Walls-Empirical Design Method | |
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Load-Bearing Concrete Walls-Rational Design | |
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Shear Walls | |
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ACI Provisions for Shear Walls | |
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Economy in Wall Construction | |
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Computer Examples | |
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Prestressed Concrete | |
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Introduction | |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Prestressed Concrete | |
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Pretensioning and Posttensioning | |
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Materials Used for Prestressed Concrete | |
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Stress Calculations | |
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Shapes of Prestressed Sections | |
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Prestess Losses | |
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Ultimate Strength of Prestressed Sections | |
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Deflections | |
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Shear in Prestressed Sections | |
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Design of Shear Reinforcement | |
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Additional Topics | |
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Computer Examples | |
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Formwork | |
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Introduction | |
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Responsibility for Formwork Design | |
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Materials Used for Formwork | |
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Furnishing of Formwork | |
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Economy in Formwork | |
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Form Maintenance | |
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Definitions | |
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Forces Applied to Concrete Forms | |
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Analysis of Formwork for Floor and Roof Slabs | |
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Design of Formwork for Floor and Roof Slabs | |
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Design of Shoring | |
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Bearing Stresses | |
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Design of Formwork for Walls | |
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Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure | |
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Introduction | |
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Maximum Considered Earthquake | |
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Soil Site Class | |
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Occupancy and Importance Factors | |
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Seismic Design Categories | |
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Seismic Design Loads | |
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Detailing Requirements for Different Classes Of Reinforce Concrete Moment Frames | |
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Tables and Graphs: U.S. Customary Units | |
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Tables in SI Units | |
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The Strut-and-Tie Method of Design | |