Working Back A Systems View

Name: Working Back A Systems View
Price: 115.31 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780470134054

ISBN-10: 0470134054

ISBN-13: 9780470134054

Edition: 2008

Authors: William S. Marras

List price: $143.95

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Description:

Previous books on the topic focus primarily on what causes low back pain and explains it anatomically. This book will instead focus on how to prevent back pain in the workplace, and inform those most susceptible to it. The book is designed to be appealing to non-researchers. The book is written at a level that should be easily understandable by anyone with a bachelor's degree. While many figures and graphs will be used to enhance understanding of concepts, technical details and equations are used sparingly, and then only when absolutely necessary. Occupational low back pain is an enormous problem resulting in bankruptcy of many American companies, together with a huge social cost to workers…

Book details

List price: $143.95
Copyright year: 2008
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Publication date: 3/14/2008
Binding: Hardcover
Pages: 320
Size: 7.15" wide x 10.25" long x 0.85" tall
Weight: 1.540
Language: English



Acknowledgments



Introduction



Audience for the Book



Apolitical Causality Assessment



A Systems View of Low Back Pain Causality



The Reality of Work



How Might the Different Aspects of Work Be Associated with Back Pain



Organization of the Book



Back Pain Magnitude and Potential Risk Factors



What is Back Pain?



How Common is Back Pain?



Back Pain at Work



Epidemiology of Work Risk Factors



Epidemiology of Physical Risk Factors



Epidemiology of Individual (Personal) Risk Factors



Age



Gender



Anthropometry



Fitness/Strength



Alcohol



Smoking



Heredity/Genetics



Social Class and Psychological Factors



Epidemiology of Work-Related Psychosocial/Organizational Factors



Potential Interaction of Physical and Psychosocial Factors


Key Points



Function, Structure, and Support of the Back



Body Coordinates



Bony Structures of the Spine



The Disc (and the Spinal Joint)



Functional Spinal Unit



Spine Support



Ligaments



Muscles



Fascia



Nerves



Blood Vessels



End Plates and Nutrition



Facets



The System


Key Points



The Process of Pain



What is Pain?



Origins of Pain



Pain Transmission



The Pain Process



The Inflammatory Process (Cytokines)



Peripheral Nervous System Sensitization



Neuropathic Pain: The Cytokine Cascade and Nerve Sensitization



Pain Mechanisms of the Central Nervous System



Role of the Environment in Central Sensitization



Implications for Low Back Pain



Nerves at Risk of Sensitization



Tissues at Risk of Sensitization



Disk and Nerve Roots



Facet Joints



Muscular-Based Pain



Lumbar Nerve Roots



Relationship between Tissue Loading and Pain



Conclusions


Key Points



Potential Pathways to Back Pain



Views of Back Pain Causality



A Unifying Model of Low Back Pain Pathways



The Support Structure Disruption Pathways



Support Structure Tolerance



Disc Tolerance Summary



Pain Tolerance



The Muscle Function Disruption Pathway



The Role of Individual Differences in the Pain Pathways



System Feedback



Summary


Key Points



The Assessment of Biomechanical Forces Acting on the Low Back



Biomechanical Concepts Applicable to the Back



Load Tolerance



Moments and Levers



External Versus Internal Loading



How can we Modify Internal Spine Loads?



Biomechanical Arrangement of the Musculoskeletal Lever System



Length-Strength Relationship



The Impact of Velocity on Muscle Force



Temporal Relationships



Incorporating Spine Load Reductions into the Work System



Loading of the Lumbar Spine



Spine Load Assessments



Models of Spine Load



Biologically Driven Modeling of Spine Loading



Stability-Driven Spine Loading Models



Predictions of Muscle (Motor) Control within Torso



What Drives Motor Control? The Mental Model



Summary


Key Points



The Influence of Physical Work Factors on Muscle Activities and Spine Loads



Introduction



Industrial Quantitative Surveillance of Physical Exposure



Strength Capacity Assessments of Work Load



Static Analyses of Work Load



Dynamic Analyses of Work Load



Surveillance Conclusions



Spine Loading and Task Performance



Spine Loading and Primary Physical Workplace Factors



Moment Exposure



Role of Trunk Muscle Cocontraction in Spine Loading



Trunk Motion



Nonsagittal Plane Loading



Lateral Motion



Twisting Motion



Task Asymmetry



Lift Height



One-Handed Versus Two-Handed Lifting



Lifting Versus Lowering



Cumulative Exposure



Duration of Exposure to Lifting Tasks



Worker Experience, Task Frequency, and Moment Exposure



Spine Loading Associated with Modification of Physical Workplace Factors



Handles



Lifting While Supporting the Body



Team Lifting



Pushing and Pulling



Seated and Constrained Work Postures



Physical Work Factor Summary



Summary


Key Points



Psychosocial and Organizational Factor Influence on Spine Loading



Introduction



Psychosocial and Organizational Interactions



Biomechanical Responses to Psychosocial Environment



Biomechanical Responses to Mental Stress at Work



Expectation



Conclusions


Key Points



Individual Factors Role in Spine Loading



Introduction



Gender



Personality



Experience



Conclusions


Key Points



Physical, Individual, and Psychosocial/Organizational Risk Factor Interactions



When Risk Factors Collide



The Magnitude of Influence of the Three Risk Factor Categories



Can Risk Factor Interactions be Predicted?



Conclusions


Key Points



Engineering Controls to Mediate Back Pain at Work: Tools for the Assessment of Physical Factor Impact on Spine Loads and Intervention Effectiveness



Introduction



Static Strength Prediction Programs



Psychophysical Tolerance Limits



Job Demand Index



NIOSH Lifting Guide and Revised Equation



The 1981 Lifting Guide



The 1993 Revised Equation



Video-Based Biomechanical Models



Lumbar Motion Monitor Risk Assessment



Lifting Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)



Workplace Assessment Comparisons



Conclusions


Key Points



Administrative Controls for the Workplace: Psychosocial and Organizational Interventions



Implementing Psychosocial and Organizational Change



Elements of the Process



Traditional Administrative Controls



Worker Selection



Worker Rotation



Training



Stretching Programs



Back Belts



Summary


Key Points



Integrating Risk Interventions into the Workplace



Introduction



Systems Intervention



Examples of Intervention Effectiveness



Patient Handling Interventions



Types of Physical Interventions



Implementing Both Physical and Psychosocial Interventions



Distribution Center Interventions



Summary


Key Points



Understanding Recurrent Low Back Pain and Implications for Return to Work



Introduction



The Natural History of Low Back Pain Recovery



How can One Quantify the Extent of Low Back Pain?



Impairment Assessment



Effort Sincerity



Spine Loading of those Experiencing Low Back Pain



Can Kinematic Impairment Assessments Predict Changes in Spine Loading?



Lifting Exposure Limits for Workers with LBP



Recurrence of LBP and Work



A Return-to-Work Strategy



Conclusions


Key Points



Conclusions



Summary


Index