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| Defining Project Management Today | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Understanding Project Management | |
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| Defining Projects | |
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| Defining Project Management | |
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| Why Projects and Project Management? | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Defining Project Success | |
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| Meeting Specifications | |
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| Factoring in Uncertainty | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Comparing Project Management and General Management | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Defining Project Roles | |
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| Considering the Project Manager's Role | |
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| Considering the Functional Manager's Role | |
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| Considering the Functional Employees Role | |
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| Considering the Role of Executives and Upper Management | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| The Project Manager as a Planning Agent | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Identifying Project Champions | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Meeting the Demands of Project Management | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Classifying Projects | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Managing Projects Off-site and On-site | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Identifying Project Needs and Solutions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Defining Projects | |
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| Identifying Project Needs | |
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| Confirming That a Project Addresses Identified Needs | |
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| Determining How Important a Project Is to an Organization | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Laying the Groundwork for Project Work | |
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| Considering Project Strategy | |
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| Establishing Project Objectives | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Defining Project Boundaries | |
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| Identifying Limitations | |
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| Determining Project Limitations | |
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| Incorporating Limitations into a Project Plan | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Dealing with Unknowns | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Developing a Statement of Work | |
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| Identifying Components of Statements of Work | |
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| Developing a Statement of Work | |
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| Comparing Statements of Work to Other Project Documents | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using Software to Manage a Project | |
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| Using Computer Software Effectively | |
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| Choosing Software | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Organizing Projects | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Exploring Traditional Project Organization Structures | |
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| Working within Centrally Organized Structures | |
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| Working within Functionally Organized Structures | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Choosing Matrix Organization | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Mixed Organizational Systems | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Planning Projects | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Planning a Project Based on Life Cycle Phases | |
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| The Conceive Phase: Starting with an Idea | |
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| The Define Phase: Establishing the Plan | |
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| The Start Phase: Getting Ready, Getting Set | |
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| The Perform Phase: Go! | |
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| The Close Phase: Stop! | |
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| Appreciating Differences in Project Life Cycles | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Filling Participants' Roles | |
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| Confirming Team Members' Participation | |
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| Drawing up Work-Order Agreements | |
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| Assuring That Others Are on Board | |
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| Recruiting People to Fill Project Positions | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using Work Breakdown Structures | |
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| Thinking Hierarchically with Work Breakdown Structures | |
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| Incorporating Conditional Activities in Work Breakdown Structures | |
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| Including Activities with No Obvious Break Points | |
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| Planning Long-Term Projects | |
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| Developing Work Breakdown Structures | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Displaying Work Breakdown Structures | |
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| The Organizational-Chart Format | |
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| The Indented-Outline Format | |
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| The Bubble-Chart Format | |
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| Self Check | |
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| Illustrating Work Relationships with Linear Responsibility Charts | |
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| Assigning Responsibilities | |
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| Reading Linear Responsibility Charts | |
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| Developing Linear Responsibility Charts | |
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| Improving the Quality of Charts | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Working with Multidisciplinary Teams | |
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| Using Concurrent Engineering | |
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| Interface Coordination and Integration Management | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Examining Why Plans and Projects Fail | |
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| Anticipating Common Mistakes | |
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| Responding to Reality | |
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| Detecting Potential Pitfalls Early | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Budgeting Projects | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Examining Methods of Budgeting | |
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| Understanding the Challenges of Project Budgets | |
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| Focusing on Cost per Unit | |
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| Top-Down Budgeting | |
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| Bottom-Up Budgeting | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Cost Estimating | |
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| Identifying Different Types of Project Costs | |
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| Developing Project Budgets | |
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| Developing Project Costs | |
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| Reviewing Budget Estimates | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Improving Cost Estimates | |
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| Using Forms | |
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| Using Learning Curves | |
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| Using Tracking Signals | |
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| Considering Other Factors | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Dealing with Budget Uncertainty | |
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| Re-estimating Project Budgets | |
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| Identifying Causes for Change | |
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| Responding to Changes | |
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| Revising Budgets | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Establishing Project Schedules | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Exploring Schedule Possibilities with Diagrams | |
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| Drawing Network Diagrams | |
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| Considering Network Diagram Options | |
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| Choosing Network Diagram Formats | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Analyzing Network Diagrams | |
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| Following Two Rules | |
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| Determining Critical Paths, Noncritical Paths, and Earliest Start and Finish Dates | |
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| Determining Slack Times and Earliest Start and Finish Dates | |
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| Sequencing Activities on Diagrams | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using Network Diagram to Analyze a Simple Example | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Developing Project Schedules | |
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| Laying Down Initial Schedules | |
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| Avoiding the Pitfall of Backing in to Schedules | |
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| Meeting an Established Time Constraint | |
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| Reducing the Required Time | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Estimating Activity Duration | |
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| Describing What Happens | |
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| Considering Resource Characteristics | |
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| Finding Sources of Supporting Information | |
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| Improving Activity Span Time Estimates | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Displaying Project Schedules | |
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| Choosing Presentation Formats | |
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| Displaying Project Schedules as Gantt Charts | |
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| Precedence Diagramming | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Estimating and Allocating Resources | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Estimating Who, How Much, and When | |
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| Planning Personnel Needs | |
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| Describing People's Skills and Knowledge | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Estimating Needed Commitment | |
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| Describing Needed Personnel | |
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| Estimating Required Work Effort | |
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| Factoring in Productivity, Efficiency, and Availability | |
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| Supporting Estimates with Historical Data and Experience | |
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| Improving Work Effort Estimates | |
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| Juggling Multiple Commitments | |
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| Preparing an Initial Commitment Analysis | |
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| Resolving Potential Resource Overloads | |
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| Coordinating Assignments Across Multiple Projects | |
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| Working in Everything Else | |
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| Resource Loading and Leveling | |
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| Loading Resources | |
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| Leveling Resources | |
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| Allocating Scarce Resources | |
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| Establishing Priorities | |
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| Allocating Scarce Resources to Several Projects | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Being an Effective Project Manager | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Selecting a Project Manager | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Leading in a Project Environment | |
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| Practicing Both Management and Leadership | |
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| Developing Personal Power and Influence | |
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| Establishing Bases of Power | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Holding Others Accountable to Projects | |
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| Involving People Who Really have Authority | |
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| Getting the Desired Results | |
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| Monitoring Others' Work | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Handling Employee-Manager Problems | |
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| The Reasons Behind Micromanagement | |
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| Helping Micromanagers Gain Confidence | |
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| Working with a Micromanager | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Handling and Avoiding Project Management Pitfalls | |
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| Determining How and Why Projects Get Off Track | |
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| Reaffirming Project Details | |
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| Introducing New Project Plan Elements | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Involving the Right People in Projects | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Knowing and Engaging a Project's Audience | |
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| Engaging a Project's Audience | |
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| Using Categories to Create an Audience List | |
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| Ensuring that Audience Lists Are Complete and Useful | |
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| Developing an Audience List Template | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Identifying Drivers, Supporters, and Observers | |
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| Deciding When and How to Involve Drivers, Supporters, and Observers | |
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| Using Different Methods to Involve Drivers, Supporters, and Observers | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Involving People with Authority in Projects | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Managing Project Teams | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Defining Team Roles and Responsibilities | |
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| Agreeing to Three Team Concepts | |
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| Assigning Project Roles Through Delegation | |
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| Delegating with Confidence | |
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| Sharing Responsibility | |
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| Holding People Accountable When They Don't Report to You | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Establishing New Project Teams | |
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| Developing Team and Individual Project Goals | |
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| Defining Team Member Roles | |
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| Defining a Team's Operating Processes | |
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| Supporting the Development of Team Member Relationships | |
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| Helping Teams Become Smooth-Functioning Units | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Motivating and Sustaining Project Team | |
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| Clarifying Project Benefits | |
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| Demonstrating Feasibility | |
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| Reporting and Rewarding Progress | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Tracking Progress and Maintaining Control | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Understanding the Plan-Monitor-Control Cycle | |
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| Making Time for Planning, Monitoring, and Controlling | |
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| Monitoring Projects | |
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| Controlling Projects | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Collecting, Analyzing, and Reporting Data | |
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| Data Collecting | |
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| Data Analysis | |
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| Reporting | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Performing Earned Value Analysis | |
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| Defining the Key Elements of Earned Value Analysis | |
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| Considering an Example | |
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| Determining the Reasons for Observed Variances | |
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| Calculating Budgeted Cost of Work Performed | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Designing Monitoring and Control Systems | |
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| Monitoring Schedule Performance | |
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| Monitoring Work-Effort Expended | |
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| Monitoring Expenditures | |
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| Developing Comprehensive Monitoring and Control Procedures | |
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| Identifying Possible Causes of Delays and Variances | |
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| Identifying Possible Corrective Actions | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Responding to Scope Creep and Change Control | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Communicating and Documenting Project Progress | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Forms of Communication | |
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| Choosing the Best Communication Approach | |
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| Sharing Information in Writing | |
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| Sharing Information Through Meetings | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Preparing Progress Reports | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Holding Key Project Meetings | |
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| Regularly Scheduled Team Meetings | |
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| Ad Hoc Team Meetings | |
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| Upper-Management Progress Reviews | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Managing Risk | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Understanding Risk and Risk Management | |
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| Defining Risk and Risk Management | |
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| Choosing the Risks to be Managed | |
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| Developing a Risk Management Process | |
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| Communicating About Risks | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Identifying Risks | |
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| Recognizing Risk Factors | |
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| Defining Risks | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Assessing and Analyzing Risks | |
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| Assessing the Likelihood of a Risk Occurring | |
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| Assessing the Magnitude of the Consequences | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Selecting the Appropriate Response Mechanism | |
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| Creating Risks Management Plans | |
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| Risk Monitoring and Control | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Evaluating and Ending Projects | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Evaluating Projects | |
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| Preparing for a Post project Evaluation | |
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| Determining Evaluation Criteria | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Project Auditing | |
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| The Project Audit Process | |
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| Participating in an Audit Report | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Terminating Projects | |
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| Deciding When to Terminate a Project | |
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| Types of Project Termination | |
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| The Termination Process | |
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| Preparing the Project Final Report | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |