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| Preface | |
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| A Note to Instructors and Training Directors | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Multicultural Counseling: Past, Present, and Future | |
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| Culture | |
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| Ethnicity | |
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| Race | |
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| Minority Group | |
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| Early Issues | |
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| Current Issues and Controversies | |
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| Is Multiculturalism an Exclusive or an Inclusive Concept? | |
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| Do the Same Basic Counseling Principles and Techniques Apply to Everyone Regardless of Cultural Background? | |
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| Should We Be Adapting Traditional Counseling to Meet the Needs of Nontraditional Clients or Examining Nontraditional Counseling to Enlighten Traditional Approaches? | |
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| Should Multicultural Training Be Required for Licensure or Certification in Counseling? | |
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| Emerging Issues and Future Needs | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Research | |
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| Developing Multicultural Counseling Competency | |
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| Multicultural Theory | |
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| Multicultural Competencies | |
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| Multicultural Training | |
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| Training Models | |
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| Training Format | |
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| A Model Training Curriculum | |
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| Training Methods and Process | |
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| Multiculturalism Within the Counseling Profession | |
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| Current Status | |
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| Barriers to Participation | |
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| Remedies | |
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| Understanding and Appreciating Difference | |
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| Racism | |
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| Barriers in Counseling | |
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| Developing Cultural Awareness | |
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| Counseling Clients Who Have Been Subject to Discrimination | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Cultural Aspects of Psychological Assessment | |
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| Historical and Sociopolitical Influences on Testing | |
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| IQ and Culture | |
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| Assessment Concerns | |
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| Affirmative Action and Testing | |
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| Bias in Testing | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Race Issues | |
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| Other Cultural Issues | |
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| Culture-Specific Testing | |
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| Recommendations for Multicultural Assessment | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Cultural Transition | |
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| Acculturation | |
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| Counseling Individuals and Families in Cultural Transition | |
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| International Students | |
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| Immigrants and Refugees | |
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| Re-Entry Shock | |
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| Generational Effects of Acculturation | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Cultural Identity Development | |
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| Racial/Ethnic Identity Development | |
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| Biracial Identity Development | |
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| Other Dimensions of Minority Identity Development | |
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| Counseling Implications | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Native Americans in Counseling | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Other Cultural Values | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Treatment Implications | |
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| Educational Concerns | |
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| Alcoholism | |
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| General Counseling Issues | |
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| Nonverbal Behavior | |
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| The Initial Session | |
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| Therapeutic Modalities | |
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| Cultural Knowledge | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| African Americans in Counseling | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Family | |
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| The Afrocentric Worldview | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Treatment Implications | |
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| Black Rage and Trust | |
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| Historically Black Colleges and Universities | |
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| Diagnostic Issues | |
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| Other Counseling Issues | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Latinos and Latinas in Counseling | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Family | |
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| Machismo | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Personalismo | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Language and Acculturation | |
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| Adolescents | |
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| Career Concerns | |
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| Undocumented Workers | |
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| Other Counseling Issues | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Counseling | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Myth of the Model Minority | |
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| Career Concerns | |
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| Other Counseling Implications | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| European Americans in Counseling | |
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| Within-Group Characteristics and Variability | |
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| Northern European Americans | |
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| Southern and Eastern European Americans | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Middle Eastern Americans in Counseling | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Race and Social Class Considerations | |
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| Stereotypes | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Religious Factors | |
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| Communication | |
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| Family and Affiliation Factors | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Psychosociocultural Factors | |
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| Recommendations for Providing Mental Health Services | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Counseling Women | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Women of Color | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Feminist Therapy | |
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| Goddess Spirituality | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Gender and Diagnosis | |
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| Violence Against Women | |
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| Pay Discrimination and the Glass Ceiling | |
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| Sexual Harassment | |
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| Multiple Role Strain | |
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| Other Counseling Implications | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Counseling Men | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Men of Color | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Achievement | |
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| Power and Strength | |
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| Independence and Connection to Other Men | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Men's Groups | |
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| Spirituality: The Mythopoetic Men's Movement | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Men's Issues | |
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| Work | |
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| Violence and Partner Relational Abuse | |
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| Fathering | |
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| Other Counseling Implications | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Definitions of LGBT | |
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| Basis of Sexual Orientation | |
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| Basis of Transgenderism and Transsexualism | |
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| Homoprejudice, Transprejudice, and Pathological Bias | |
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| Hate Crimes | |
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| Diversity Among Sexual and Gender Minorities | |
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| Gay Men | |
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| Lesbians | |
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| Bisexuals | |
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| Transgendered and Transsexual People | |
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| Sexual or Gender Minority People of Color | |
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| First Nations | |
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| African Americans | |
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| Latinas/Latinos | |
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| Asian Americans | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Language | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Community Interventions | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Adolescence | |
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| Coming Out | |
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| Career Concerns | |
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| Relationship Issues | |
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| Parenting Issues | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| General Treatment Implications | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Counseling Old Adults | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Ageism | |
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| Gender and Social Class | |
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| Marginalized Old Adults | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Relevant Theories | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Reminiscence, Life Review, and Guided Autobiography | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Aging and Diagnosis | |
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| Mood Disorders | |
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| Grief and Loss | |
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| Chronic Illness and Alzheimer's Disease | |
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| Work and Leisure | |
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| Caregiving | |
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| Elder Abuse | |
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| Sexuality | |
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| General Treatment Implications | |
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| Group Counseling | |
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| Bibliotherapy | |
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| Early Recollections | |
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| Other Approaches | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Counseling Persons With a Disability | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Types of Disabilities | |
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| Race and Social Class Considerations | |
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| Indigenous Treatment and Cultural Views of Disability | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Language | |
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| Disability Culture | |
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| Deaf Culture | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Family | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Abuse | |
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| General Treatment Implications | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| Counseling Bicultural/Biracial People | |
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| Histories and Diversity | |
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| Intercultural Marriage | |
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| Labeling | |
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| Social Class Considerations | |
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| Cultural Values | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Indigenous Treatment Methods | |
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| Counseling Issues | |
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| Identity Issues | |
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| Social and Sexual Issues | |
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| General Treatment Implications | |
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| Biracial Children | |
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| Case Vignette | |
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| Questions | |
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| Recommended Cultural Resources | |
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| References | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Index | |