| |
| |
| Preface to the first edition | |
| |
| |
| Preface to the fourth edition | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgements | |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations and acronyms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Principles and procedures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction and principles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The nature of EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| The purposes of EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Projects, environment and impacts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Changing perspectives on EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Current issues in EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| An outline of subsequent parts and chapters | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Origins and development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The National Environmental Policy Act and subsequent US systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The worldwide spread of EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Development in the UK | |
| |
| |
| |
| EC Directive 85/337 | |
| |
| |
| |
| EC Directive 85/337, as amended by Directive 97/11/EC | |
| |
| |
| |
| An overview of EIA systems in the EU: divergent practice in a converging system? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Continuing issues, review and refinement of the EIA Directive in EU-27 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| UK agency and legislative context | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The principal actors | |
| |
| |
| |
| EIA regulations: an overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Town and Country Planning (EIA) Regulations 2011 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other EIA regulations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary and conclusions on changing legislation | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Starting up: early stages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Managing the EIA process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Project screening: is an EIA needed? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scoping: which impacts and issues to consider? | |
| |
| |
| |
| The consideration of alternatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding the project/development action | |
| |
| |
| |
| Establishing the environmental baseline | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impact identification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impact prediction, evaluation, mitigation and enhancement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prediction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mitigation and enhancement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Participation, presentation and review | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public consultation and participation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Consultation with statutory consultees and other countries | |
| |
| |
| |
| EIA presentation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Review of EISs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Decisions on projects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Monitoring and auditing: after the decision | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The importance of monitoring and auditing in the EIA process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Monitoring in practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Auditing in practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| A UK case study: monitoring and auditing the local socio-economic impacts of the Sizewell B PWR construction project | |
| |
| |
| |
| A UK case study: monitoring the local impacts of the London 2012 Olympics project | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Note | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| An overview of UK practice to date | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Number and type of EISs and projects | |
| |
| |
| |
| The pre-submission EIA process | |
| |
| |
| |
| EIS quality | |
| |
| |
| |
| The post-submission EIA process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Legal challenges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Costs and benefits of EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case studies of EIA in practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wilton power station case study: project definition in EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| N21 link road, Republic of Ireland: EIA and European protected habitats | |
| |
| |
| |
| Portsmouth incinerator: public participation in EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Humber Estuary development: cumulative effects assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stansted airport second runway: health impact assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cairngorm mountain railway: mitigation in EIA | |
| |
| |
| |
| SEA of UK offshore wind energy development | |
| |
| |
| |
| SEA of Tyne and Wear local transport plan | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparative practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| EIA status worldwide | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benin | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peru | |
| |
| |
| |
| China | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poland | |
| |
| |
| |
| Canada | |
| |
| |
| |
| Australia and Western Australia | |
| |
| |
| |
| International bodies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prospects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Widening the scope: strategic environmental assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) | |
| |
| |
| |
| SEA worldwide | |
| |
| |
| |
| SEA in the UK | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Note | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Improving the effectiveness of project assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perspectives on change | |
| |
| |
| |
| Possible changes in the EIA process: overviews of the future agenda | |
| |
| |
| |
| Possible changes in the EIA process: more specific examples | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extending EIA to project implementation: environmental management systems, audits and plans | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Some questions | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Appendices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Full text of EC EIA Directive | |
| |
| |
| |
| Town and Country Planning (EIA) Regulations 2011 - Schedule 2 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Full text of EC's SEA Directive | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Lee and Colley review package | |
| |
| |
| |
| Environmental impact statement review package (IAU, Oxford Brookes University) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Selected EIA journals and websites | |
| |
| |
| Index | |