| |
| |
| |
Perspectives in Health Care and Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Population-Focused Practice: The Foundation of Specialization in Public Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
Public Health Practice: The Foundation for Healthy Populations and Communities | |
| |
| |
Public Health Nursing as a Field of Practice: An Area of Specialization | |
| |
| |
Public Health Nursing and Community Health Nursing Versus Community-Based Nursing | |
| |
| |
Roles in Public Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
Challenges for the Future | |
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| |
| |
History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
Change and Continuity | |
| |
| |
Historical Measures to Provide for the Public's Health | |
| |
| |
America's Colonial Period and the New Republic | |
| |
| |
Nightingale and the Origins of Trained Nursing | |
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| |
America Needs Trained Nurses | |
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| |
School Nursing in America | |
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| |
The Profession Comes of Age | |
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| |
Public Health Nursing in Official Health Agencies | |
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| |
World War I and the Importance of Public Health Nursing | |
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| |
Paying the Bill for Community and Public Health Nurses | |
| |
| |
Efforts to Shape Public Policy | |
| |
| |
African-American Nurses in Public Health Nursing | |
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| |
Between the Two World Wars: Economic Depression and the Rise of Hospitals | |
| |
| |
Increasing Federal Action for the Public's Health | |
| |
| |
World War II: Extension and Retrenchment in Community and Public Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
The Rise of Chronic Illness | |
| |
| |
Failure of Financing for Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
Consolidation of National Nursing Organizations | |
| |
| |
Professional Nursing Education for Public Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
New Forms of Payment for Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
Community Organization and Professional Change | |
| |
| |
Community and Public Health Nursing from the 1970s to the Present | |
| |
| |
Community and Public Health Nursing Today | |
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| |
| |
Public Health and Primary Health Care Systems and Health Care Transformation | |
| |
| |
Current Health Care System in the United States | |
| |
| |
Trends Affecting the Health Care System | |
| |
| |
Organization of the Health Care System | |
| |
| |
Transformation of the Health Care System | |
| |
| |
A Comprehensive Model: Integration of Public Health and Primary Care | |
| |
| |
| |
Perspectives on International Health Care | |
| |
| |
Overview of International Health | |
| |
| |
The Role of Population Health | |
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| |
Primary Health Care | |
| |
| |
Nursing and International Health | |
| |
| |
Major International Health Organizations | |
| |
| |
International Health and Economic Development | |
| |
| |
Health Care Systems | |
| |
| |
Major World Health Problems and the Burden of Disease | |
| |
| |
| |
Influences on Health Care Delivery and Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
| |
Economics of Health Care Delivery | |
| |
| |
Principles of Economics | |
| |
| |
The Context of the U.S. Health System | |
| |
| |
Trends in Health Care Spending | |
| |
| |
Factors Influencing Health Care Costs | |
| |
| |
Financing of Health Care | |
| |
| |
Health Care Payment Systems | |
| |
| |
Other Factors Affecting Resource Allocation in Health Care | |
| |
| |
Primary Prevention | |
| |
| |
Economics and the Future of Community-Oriented Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
Ethics in Community-Oriented Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
History | |
| |
| |
Key Ethical Terms | |
| |
| |
Ethical Decision Making | |
| |
| |
Ethics | |
| |
| |
Ethics and the Core Functions of Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
Nursing Code of Ethics | |
| |
| |
Public Health Code of Ethics | |
| |
| |
Advocacy and Ethics | |
| |
| |
| |
Cultural Diversity and Community-Oriented Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
Immigrant Health Issues | |
| |
| |
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity | |
| |
| |
Cultural Competence | |
| |
| |
Inhibitors to Developing Cultural Competence | |
| |
| |
Cultural Nursing Assessment | |
| |
| |
Variations Among Cultural Groups | |
| |
| |
Culture and Nutrition | |
| |
| |
Culture and Socioeconomic Status | |
| |
| |
| |
Government, the Law, and Policy Activism | |
| |
| |
Structure of Government in the United States | |
| |
| |
Healthy People 2010: An Example of National Health Policy Guidance | |
| |
| |
Organizations and Agencies That Influence Community Health | |
| |
| |
Impact of Government Health Functions and Structures on Nursing | |
| |
| |
The Law and Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
Nursing Practice and Law | |
| |
| |
Special Community Health Practice Issues and the Law | |
| |
| |
The Nurse's Role in the Policy Process | |
| |
| |
| |
Conceptual and Scientific Frameworks Applied to Community-Oriented Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizing Frameworks Applied to Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
Developing a Conceptual-Theoretical-Empirical Structure | |
| |
| |
Using Conceptual Models | |
| |
| |
Systems Models in Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
Neuman Systems Model | |
| |
| |
Omaha System | |
| |
| |
Merging of the Neuman Systems Model and the Omaha System | |
| |
| |
| |
Environmental Health | |
| |
| |
Healthy People 2010 Objectives for Environmental Health | |
| |
| |
Historical Context | |
| |
| |
Environmental Health Sciences | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Precautionary Principle | |
| |
| |
Reducing Environmental Health Risks | |
| |
| |
Advocacy | |
| |
| |
Referral Resources | |
| |
| |
Roles for Nurses in Environmental Health | |
| |
| |
| |
Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
Definitions of Health | |
| |
| |
Definitions and Descriptions of Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
Historical Perspectives | |
| |
| |
Basic Concepts in Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
Screening | |
| |
| |
Basic Methods in Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
Descriptive Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
Analytic Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
Experimental Studies | |
| |
| |
Causality | |
| |
| |
Applications of Epidemiology in Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
| |
Evidence-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
History of Evidence-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
Definitions | |
| |
| |
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing | |
| |
| |
Barriers to Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing | |
| |
| |
Current Perspectives | |
| |
| |
Future Perspectives | |
| |
| |
Year 2010 National Healthy People Objectives | |
| |
| |
Evidence-Based Practice Nursing Application | |
| |
| |
Nursing Interventions Related to the Core Public Health Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Community Health Education: Theories, Models, and Principles | |
| |
| |
Healthy People 2010 Educational Objectives | |
| |
| |
Education and Learning | |
| |
| |
Philosophical Perspectives of Learning | |
| |
| |
Theories of Learning | |
| |
| |
Educational Principles | |
| |
| |
Educational Issues | |
| |
| |
The Educational Process | |
| |
| |
The Educational Product | |
| |
| |
| |
Integrating Multilevel Approaches to Promote Community Health | |
| |
| |
Shifting the Emphasis From Illness and Disease Management to Wellness | |
| |
| |
Historical Perspectives, Definitions, and Methods | |
| |
| |
Application to Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
| |
Issues and Approaches in Community-Oriented Health Care | |
| |
| |
| |
Community as Client: Assessment and Analysis | |
| |
| |
Community Defined | |
| |
| |
Community as Client | |
| |
| |
Goals and Means of Community-Oriented Practice | |
| |
| |
Community-Focused Nursing Process: An Overview of the Process From Assessment to Evaluation | |
| |
| |
Personal Safety in Community Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
Community and Public Health Nursing in Rural and Urban Environments | |
| |
| |
Historical Overview | |
| |
| |
Definition of Terms | |
| |
| |
Current Perspectives | |
| |
| |
Rural Health Care Delivery Issues and Barriers to Care | |
| |
| |
Nursing Care in Rural Environments | |
| |
| |
Future Perspectives | |
| |
| |
Building Professional-Community-Client Partnerships in Rural Settings | |
| |
| |
| |
Health Promotion Through Healthy Communities and Cities | |
| |
| |
History of the Healthy Communities and Cities Movement | |
| |
| |
Definition of Terms | |
| |
| |
Models of Community Practice | |
| |
| |
Healthy Communities and Cities | |
| |
| |
Future of the Healthy Communities and Cities Movement | |
| |
| |
Implications for Community-Oriented Nursing | |
| |
| |
Healthy People 2010 | |
| |
| |
| |
The Nursing Center: A Model for Community-Oriented Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
What are Nursing Centers? | |
| |
| |
Types of Nursing Centers | |
| |
| |
Foundations for Nursing Center Development | |
| |
| |
The Nursing Center Team | |
| |
| |
The Business Side of Nursing Centers | |
| |
| |
Evidence-Based Practice: Outcome Data | |
| |
| |
Education and Research | |
| |
| |
Positioning Nursing Centers for the Future | |
| |
| |
| |
Case Management | |
| |
| |
Definitions | |
| |
| |
Concepts of Case Management | |
| |
| |
Public Health and Community-Based Examples of Case Management | |
| |
| |
Essential Skills for Case Managers | |
| |
| |
Issues in Case Management | |
| |
| |
| |
Disaster Management | |
| |
| |
Disasters | |
| |
| |
Three Stages of Disaster Involvement: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery | |
| |
| |
| |
Program Management | |
| |
| |
Definitions and Goals | |
| |
| |
Historical Overview of Health Care Planning and Evaluation | |
| |
| |
Benefits of Program Planning | |
| |
| |
Assessment of Need | |
| |
| |
Planning Process | |
| |
| |
Program Evaluation | |
| |
| |
Advanced Planning Methods and Evaluation Models | |
| |
| |
Cost Studies Applied to Program Management | |
| |
| |
Program Funding | |
| |
| |
| |
Quality Management | |
| |
| |
Definitions and Goals | |
| |
| |
Historical Development | |
| |
| |
Approaches to Quality Improvement | |
| |
| |
TQM/CQI in Community and Public Health Settings | |
| |
| |
Client Satisfaction | |
| |
| |
Model QA/QI Program | |
| |
| |
Records | |
| |
| |
| |
Group Approaches to Practice | |
| |
| |
Group Concepts | |
| |
| |
Promoting the Health of Individuals Through Group Work | |
| |
| |
Community Groups and Their Contribution to Community Life | |
| |
| |
Working With Groups Toward Community Health Goals | |
| |
| |
| |
Health Promotion With Target Populations Across the Life Span | |
| |
| |
| |
Family Development and Family Nursing Assessment | |
| |
| |
Challenges for Community-Oriented Nurses Working With Families | |
| |
| |
Family Demographics | |
| |
| |
Definition of Family | |
| |
| |
Family Health | |
| |
| |
Four Approaches to Family Nursing | |
| |
| |
Theoretical Frameworks for Family Nursing | |
| |
| |
Working With Families for Healthy Outcomes | |
| |
| |
Barriers to Practicing Family Nursing | |
| |
| |
Family Nursing Assessment | |
| |
| |
Social and Family Policy Changes | |
| |
| |
| |
Family Health Risks | |
| |
| |
Early Approaches to Family Health Risks | |
| |
| |
Concepts in Family Health Risk | |
| |
| |
Major Family Health Risks and Nursing Interventions | |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Nursing Approaches to Family Health Risk Reduction | |
| |
| |
Community Resources | |
| |
| |
| |
Child and Adolescent Health | |
| |
| |
Status of Children | |
| |
| |
Child Development | |
| |
| |
Nutrition | |
| |
| |
Immunizations | |
| |
| |
Major Health Problems | |
| |
| |
Current Issues | |
| |
| |
Models for Delivery of Health Care to Vulnerable Populations | |
| |
| |
Progress Toward Child Health: National Health Objectives | |
| |
| |
Role of the Community-Oriented Nurse in Child and Adolescent Health | |
| |
| |
| |
Women's Health | |
| |
| |
Definitions | |
| |
| |
Historical Perspectives on Women's Health | |
| |
| |
Health Policy and Legislation | |
| |
| |
Health | |
| |
| |
Women's Health Concerns | |
| |
| |
HIV, AIDS | |
| |
| |
Health Disparities Among Special Groups of Women | |
| |
| |
Complementary and Alternative Therapies | |
| |
| |
U.S. Preventive Services Recommendations | |
| |
| |
| |
Men's Health | |
| |
| |
How Men Define Health | |
| |
| |
The Health status of Men in the United States | |
| |
| |
Male Development | |
| |
| |
Men's Health and Mortality | |
| |
| |
Gender Differences | |
| |
| |
Cultural Differences | |
| |
| |
Leading Causes of Men's Deaths | |
| |
| |
Men's Health Practices in Everyday Life | |
| |
| |
The Community-Oriented Nurse's Role in Men's Health | |
| |
| |
| |
Health of Older Adults | |
| |
| |
Demographics | |
| |
| |
Definitions | |
| |
| |
Theories of Aging | |
| |
| |
Multidimensional Influences on Aging | |
| |
| |
Components of a Comprehensive Health Assessment | |
| |
| |
Chronic Health Concerns of Older Adults in the Community | |
| |
| |
Community-Based Models for Gerontological Nursing | |
| |
| |
Role Opportunities for Nurses: Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Wellness | |
| |
| |
| |
The Physically Compromised | |
| |
| |
Definitions and Concepts | |
| |
| |
Scope of the Problem | |
| |
| |
Effects of being Physically Compromised | |
| |
| |
Special Populations | |
| |
| |
Selected Issues | |
| |
| |
Healthy People 2010 Objectives | |
| |
| |
Healthy Cities/Healthy Communities | |
| |
| |
Role of the Nurse | |
| |
| |
Legislation | |
| |
| |
| |
Vulnerability: Community-Oriented Nursing Issues for the Twenty-first Century | |
| |
| |
| |
Vulnerability and Vulnerable Populations: An Overview | |
| |
| |
Perspectives on Vulnerability | |
| |
| |
Public Policies Affecting Vulnerable Populations | |
| |
| |
Factors Contributing to Vulnerability | |
| |
| |
Outcomes of Vulnerability | |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Nursing Approaches to Care | |
| |
| |
Assessment Issues | |
| |
| |
Planning and Implementing Care for Vulnerable Populations | |
| |
| |
Evaluation of Nursing Interventions with Vulnerable Populations | |
| |
| |
| |
Poverty and Homelessness | |
| |
| |
Concept of Poverty | |
| |
| |
Defining and Understanding Poverty | |
| |
| |
Poverty and Health: Effects Across the Life Span | |
| |
| |
Understanding the Concept of Homelessness | |
| |
| |
Effects of Homelessness on Health | |
| |
| |
Role of the Nurse | |
| |
| |
| |
Migrant Health Issues | |
| |
| |
Migrant Lifestyle | |
| |
| |
Health and Health Care | |
| |
| |
Occupational and Environmental Health Problems | |
| |
| |
Children and Youths | |
| |
| |
Cultural Considerations in Migrant Health Care | |
| |
| |
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention | |
| |
| |
Role of the Nurse | |
| |
| |
| |
Teen Pregnancy | |
| |
| |
Adolescent Health Care in the United States | |
| |
| |
The Adolescent Client | |
| |
| |
Trends in Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Pregnancy | |
| |
| |
Background Factors | |
| |
| |
Young Men and Paternity | |
| |
| |
Early Identification of the Pregnant Teen | |
| |
| |
Special Issues in Caring for the Pregnant Teen | |
| |
| |
Teen Pregnancy and the Nurse | |
| |
| |
| |
Mental Health Issues | |
| |
| |
Scope of Mental Illness in the United States | |
| |
| |
Systems of Community Mental Health Care | |
| |
| |
Evolution of Community Mental Health Care | |
| |
| |
Deinstitutionalization | |
| |
| |
Conceptual Frameworks for Community Mental Health | |
| |
| |
Role of the Nurse in Community Mental Health | |
| |
| |
Current and Future Perspectives in Mental Health Care | |
| |
| |
National Objectives for Mental Health Services | |
| |
| |
| |
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community | |
| |
| |
ATOD Problems in Perspective | |
| |
| |
Psychoactive Drugs | |
| |
| |
Predisposing/Contributing Factors | |
| |
| |
Primary Prevention and the Role of the Nurse | |
| |
| |
Secondary Prevention and the Role of the Nurse | |
| |
| |
Tertiary Prevention and the Role of the Nurse | |
| |
| |
Outcomes | |
| |
| |
| |
Violence and Human Abuse | |
| |
| |
Social and Community Factors Influencing Violence | |
| |
| |
Violence Against Individuals or Oneself | |
| |
| |
Family Violence and Abuse | |
| |
| |
Nursing Interventions | |
| |
| |
Violence and the Prison Population | |
| |
| |
Clinical Forensic Nursing | |
| |
| |
| |
Infectious Disease Prevention and Control | |
| |
| |
Historical and Current Perspectives | |
| |
| |
Transmission of Communicable Diseases | |
| |
| |
Surveillance of Communicable Diseases | |
| |
| |
Emerging Infectious Diseases | |
| |
| |
Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases | |
| |
| |
Agents of Bioterrorism | |
| |
| |
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases | |
| |
| |
Food-Borne and Waterborne Diseases | |
| |
| |
Vector-Borne Diseases | |
| |
| |
Diseases of Travelers | |
| |
| |
Zoonoses | |
| |
| |
Parasitic Diseases | |
| |
| |
Nosocomial Infections | |
| |
| |
Universal Precautions | |
| |
| |
| |
Communicable and Infectious Disease Risks | |
| |
| |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection | |
| |
| |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases | |
| |
| |
Hepatitis | |
| |
| |
Tuberculosis | |
| |
| |
Nurse's Role in Providing Preventive Care for Communicable Diseases | |
| |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Nurses: Roles and Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Nurse in Home Health and Hospice | |
| |
| |
Definition of Home Health Care | |
| |
| |
History of Home Health Care | |
| |
| |
Types of Home Health Care Agencies | |
| |
| |
Scope of Practice | |
| |
| |
Standards of Home Health Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
Hospice Care | |
| |
| |
Interdisciplinary Approach to Home Health and Hospice Care | |
| |
| |
Educational Requirements for Home Health Practice | |
| |
| |
Accountability and Quality Management | |
| |
| |
Financial Aspects of Home Health and Hospice Care | |
| |
| |
Effects of Legislation on Home Health Care Services | |
| |
| |
Legal and Ethical Issues | |
| |
| |
Trends in Home Health Care | |
| |
| |
Issues for the Twenty-First Century | |
| |
| |
| |
The Advanced Practice Nurse in the Community | |
| |
| |
Historical Perspective | |
| |
| |
Educational Preparation | |
| |
| |
Credentialing | |
| |
| |
Advanced Practice Roles | |
| |
| |
Arenas for Practice | |
| |
| |
Issues and Concerns | |
| |
| |
Role Stress | |
| |
| |
Trends in Advanced Practice Nursing | |
| |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Nurse Leader and Consultant | |
| |
| |
Major Trends and Issues | |
| |
| |
Definitions | |
| |
| |
Leadership and Management | |
| |
| |
Consultation | |
| |
| |
Competencies for Community-Oriented Nursing Leadership: Management, and Consultation | |
| |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Nurse in the Schools | |
| |
| |
History of School Nursing | |
| |
| |
Standards of Practice for School Nurses | |
| |
| |
Educational Credentials of School Nurses | |
| |
| |
Roles and Functions of School Nurses | |
| |
| |
School Health Services | |
| |
| |
School Nurses and Healthy People 2010 | |
| |
| |
The Levels of Prevention in the Schools | |
| |
| |
Controversies in School Nursing | |
| |
| |
Ethics in School Nursing | |
| |
| |
Future Trends in School Nursing | |
| |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Nurse in Occupational Health | |
| |
| |
Definition and Scope of Occupational Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
History and Evolution of Occupational Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
Roles and Professionalism in Occupational Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
Workers as a Population Aggregate | |
| |
| |
Application of the Epidemiologic Model | |
| |
| |
Organizational and Public Efforts to Promote Worker Health and Safety | |
| |
| |
Nursing Care of Working Populations | |
| |
| |
Healthy People 2010 Related to Occupational Health | |
| |
| |
Legislation Related to Occupational Health | |
| |
| |
Disaster Planning and Management | |
| |
| |
| |
Community-Oriented Nurse as Parish Nurse | |
| |
| |
Definitions in Parish Nursing | |
| |
| |
Heritage and Horizons | |
| |
| |
Parish Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
Issues in Parish Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators and Faith Communities | |
| |
| |
Population-Focused Parish Nursing: Faith Community and School | |
| |
| |
| |
Public Health Nursing at the Local, State, and National Levels | |
| |
| |
Roles of Local, State, and Federal Public Health Agencies | |
| |
| |
History and Trends of Public Health | |
| |
| |
Scope, Standards, and Roles of Public Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
Issues and Trends in Public Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
Models of Public Health Nursing Practice | |
| |
| |
Education and Knowledge Requirements for Public Health Nurses | |
| |
| |
Certification for Public Health Nursing | |
| |
| |
National Health Objectives | |
| |
| |
Functions of Public Health Nurses | |
| |
| |
Answers to Practice Application Questions | |
| |
| |
Appendixes | |
| |
| |
| |
International/National Agendas for Health Care Delivery | |
| |
| |
| |
Schedule of Clinical Preventive Services | |
| |
| |
| |
Select Major Historical Events Depicting Financial Involvement of Federal Government in Health Care Delivery | |
| |
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Declaration of Alma Ata | |
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Community-Oriented Nursing Resources | |
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Contracts and Forms: Samples | |
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Community-Oriented Health Record (COHR) | |
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The Living Will Directive | |
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OASIS: Start of Care Assessment | |
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Drug Immunization Information | |
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Immunizing Agents and Immunization Schedules for Health Care Workers | |
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Herbs and Supplements Used for Children and Adolescents | |
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Screening Tools | |
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Vision and Hearing Screening Procedures | |
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Screening for Common Orthopedic Problems | |
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Health Risk Appraisal | |
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Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire | |
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Healthier People Health Risk Appraisal | |
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1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey | |
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Community Assessment Tools | |
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Community-As-Partner Model | |
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Family Assessment Tools | |
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Family Systems Stressor-Strength Inventory (FS3I) | |
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Friedman Family Assessment Model (Short Form) | |
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Case Example of Family Assessment | |
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Individual Assessment Tools | |
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Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale | |
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Comprehensive Older Persons' Evaluation | |
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Comprehensive Occupational and Environmental Health History | |
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Essential Elements of Public Health Nursing | |
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Examples of Public Health Nursing Roles and Implementing Public Health Functions | |
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Public Health Guidelines for Practice | |
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Core Competencies and Skill Levels for Public Health Nursing | |