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| Psychology and Law: An Overview | |
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| What Is Law? | |
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| What Is Psychology? | |
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| What Is Psychology and Law? | |
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| The Roots of Psychology and Law | |
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| The Historical Strands of Psychology and Law | |
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| Conceptualizing the Relationship between Psychology and Law | |
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| Haney's Taxonomy | |
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| Monahan and Walker's Proposal | |
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| Conflict between Psychology and Law | |
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| How Much Influence Has Psychology Exerted on Courts? | |
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| Psychology and Public Policy | |
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| Mental Health Policy | |
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| Other Examples | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Human Behavior in the Trial Process | |
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| Juries: The Current State of the Empirical Literature | |
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| The Scope of Jury Research | |
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| Major Jury Research Controversies | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Death Qualification References | |
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| Instructions References | |
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| Expert Testimony References | |
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| Joinder References | |
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| Witnesses to Crime: Social and Cognitive Factors Governing the Validity of People's Reports | |
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| Organizing Themes | |
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| Memory as One Component of Testimony | |
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| Eyewitness Accounts | |
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| Variables Controlling Eyewitness Accuracy | |
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| The Recovery of Repressed Memories | |
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| The Overall Issue | |
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| The Development of Illusory Memories | |
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| Evidence for Repression | |
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| Memory Permanence | |
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| The Credibility of Recovered Memories | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Preventing Mistaken Convictions in Eyewitness Identification Trials: The Case Against Traditional Safeguards | |
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| The Extent of the Problem | |
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| Voir Dire as a Safeguard against Mistaken Identifications | |
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| Cross-Examination as a Safeguard against Mistaken Identifications | |
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| Attorney Opportunities to Develop Identification-Relevant Information for Cross-Examination | |
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| Attorney Knowledge of Factors Influencing Eyewitness Performance | |
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| Jury Decision Making as a Safeguard against Mistaken Identifications | |
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| Survey Studies That Test Juror Knowledge about Eyewitness Reliability | |
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| Prediction Studies That Test Juror Knowledge about Eyewitness Reliability | |
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| Mock-Jury Studies of Juror Decision Making--Differentiating Accurate from Inaccurate Eyewitnesses | |
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| To Which Aspects of an Eyewitness Identification Are Jurors Sensitive? | |
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| Conclusions about Traditional Safeguards | |
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| The Alternative: Expert Testimony on Juror Sensitivity | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Forensic Assessment and Treatment | |
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| Forensic Assessment | |
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| The History of Forensic Psychological Assessment | |
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| Emergence and Growth | |
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| Challenges: The Faust and Ziskin Assault and Its Aftermath | |
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| Conceptual and Empirical Developments: Making Progress but Losing Ground | |
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| Assessment of Legal Competencies | |
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| Adjudicative Competence | |
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| Criminal Responsibility | |
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| Child Custody/Termination of Parental Rights | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Predicting Violence in Mentally and Personality Disordered Individuals | |
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| The Rise of Risk | |
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| Systemic Reorganization | |
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| Case Law | |
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| Legislative Developments | |
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| Research | |
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| Early Studies | |
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| Recent Research Advances | |
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| Distinguishing between Predicting General Criminality and Violent Behavior | |
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| Advances in Methodological and Statistical Techniques | |
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| Advances in Substantive Knowledge | |
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| The Clinical versus Actuarial Distinction | |
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| Risk Markers | |
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| Risk Assessment Schemes: Putting It All Together | |
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| A View to the Future: Recent Theoretical and Conceptual Advances | |
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| References | |
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| Forensic Treatment: A Review of Programs and Research | |
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| Definition and Method | |
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| Forensic | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Jurisdiction | |
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| Setting | |
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| Outcomes | |
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| Empirical Investigations of Forensic Treatment | |
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| Hospital Settings | |
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| Community-Based Forensic Treatment | |
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| United States | |
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| Canada | |
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| British Columbia | |
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| Summary of CBFT Programs and Patients | |
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| Integration: Principles of Forensic Treatment | |
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| Established Principles | |
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| Emerging Principles | |
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| Implications for Policy, Practice, and Research | |
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| Policy | |
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| Practice | |
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| Research | |
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| References | |
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| Issues in Civil Law | |
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| Civil Law: Employment and Discrimination | |
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| Sources of Antidiscrimination Law | |
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| Conduct Prohibited by Discrimination Laws | |
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| The Prevalence of Workplace Discrimination Charges | |
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| Legal Theories of Workplace Discrimination | |
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| Theories of Liability for Workplace Discrimination | |
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| Disparate Treatment | |
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| Adverse Impact | |
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| Statistical Proof of Discrimination | |
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| Hostile Workplace Environment Discrimination | |
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| Reasonable Accommodation | |
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| Reprisal and Retaliation | |
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| Legal Relief and Remedies for Workplace Discrimination | |
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| Traditional Relief | |
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| Compensatory Damages | |
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| Punitive Damages | |
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| The Right to a Jury Trial | |
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| Affirmative Action | |
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| Perceptions of Fairness and Equity in the Workplace | |
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| Illusions of Distributive Justice | |
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| The Myth of Merit-Based Decision Making in the Workplace | |
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| Distributive and Procedural Fairness: Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity | |
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| Fairness in Objective Testing | |
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| Modern Racism in the Workplace | |
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| Background to Current Issues and Research | |
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| Institutional Barriers to Racial Minorities | |
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| Forms of Contemporary Racism | |
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| Contextual Studies of Intergroup Biases | |
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| Sexual Harassment in the Workplace | |
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| Background to Current Issues and Research | |
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| Theories of Harassment: Quid Pro Quo and Hostile Workplace Environment Claims | |
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| Forms of Sexually Harassing Conduct | |
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| The Influence of Individual and Social Factors on Sexual Harassment | |
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| Directions for Future Research | |
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| Systemic and Institutional Factors in Employment Discrimination | |
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| Reducing Discrimination in the Workplace | |
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| Damages Flowing from Employment Discrimination | |
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| Procedural Aspects that Influence Discrimination Charges | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Best Interests of the Child: New Twists on an Old Theme | |
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| Historical Standards | |
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| Current Standard | |
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| Application to Divorce Cases | |
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| Adoption Cases | |
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| Recent Headline Cases | |
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| Custody Relations after Divorce or Separation | |
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| Adoption Cases | |
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| Suits by Older Children | |
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| Psychological Literature | |
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| Research on Psychological Factors | |
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| Stability and Continuity | |
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| Resilience | |
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| Attachment | |
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| Sibling Relationships | |
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| Relationships with Extended Family | |
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| Definitions of the Family | |
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| Joint Custody | |
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| Special Concerns of Adolescents | |
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| Special Concerns in Adoption | |
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| Research on Decision-Making Process Factors | |
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| Application of Research to Recent Cases | |
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| Directions for Future Research | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Ethics and Professional Issues | |
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| Preparing for Two Cultures: Education and Training in Law and Psychology | |
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| Periodic Flirtation or Stable Relationships? | |
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| Plaudits and Problems | |
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| Sources of Optimism | |
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| Sources of Concern | |
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| The National Invitational Conferences | |
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| Issues and Goals | |
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| The Continuing Controversy about Joint Programs | |
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| Definitions and Aims | |
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| Benefits and Costs | |
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| Preparing for the Next Century | |
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| Forensic Psychology | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Ethical and Legal Contours of Forensic Psychology | |
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| An Introduction to Ethics and the Source of Ethical Dilemmas | |
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| General Ethical Principles and Their Applicability to the Forensic Context | |
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| Who Is the Client? | |
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| Limits on the Scope of Practice: Competence | |
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| Legal and Ethical Guidelines Governing Psychology-Patient Relationships | |
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| The Duty to Disclose Information to Protect Third Parties | |
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| General Information | |
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| When to Report/Protect? | |
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| Duty to Report Suspected Child Abuse | |
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| The Admissibility of Expert Psychological Testimony | |
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| Is the Admission of the Expert Testimony Relevant to the Case? | |
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| Is the Probative Value of the Expert Psychological Testimony Outweighed by Its Prejudicial Impact? | |
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| Will the Proposed Expert Testimony Assist the Trier of Fact in Its Determination? | |
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| Does the Proposed Witness Qualify as an Expert for the Purposes of the Proposed Testimony? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists | |
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| Index | |