| |
| |
| List of Illustrations | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgements | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| A Note on Names and Spellings | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Shape of the Land | |
| |
| |
| Marsh and Forest | |
| |
| |
| The Man-Made Landscape | |
| |
| |
| The Baltic Cities | |
| |
| |
| Peasant Peoples | |
| |
| |
| |
| Surviving the Centuries | |
| |
| |
| The Ancient Baltic Peoples | |
| |
| |
| The Christian Conquest | |
| |
| |
| The Lithuanian Empire and the Union with Poland | |
| |
| |
| The Baltic Provinces under the Russian Empire | |
| |
| |
| |
| Independence Won and Lost, 1918-40 | |
| |
| |
| The First Struggle for Independence | |
| |
| |
| Economic and Social Consolidation | |
| |
| |
| The Failure of Parliamentary Democracy, 1920-34 | |
| |
| |
| The Roots of Authoritarianism | |
| |
| |
| Orphans of Versailles: Baltic Diplomacy, 1918-40 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Troglodyte International: The Soviet Impact on the Baltic | |
| |
| |
| Conquest and 'Revolution' | |
| |
| |
| The German Occupation | |
| |
| |
| Resistance: The 'Forest Brothers' | |
| |
| |
| Stalinism, Normalization, Stagnation | |
| |
| |
| The Soviet Establishment: Past, Present and Future? | |
| |
| |
| The Dissidents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Imagined Nations: Cycles of Cultural Rebirth | |
| |
| |
| Folklore and Nationalism | |
| |
| |
| The Creation of Language | |
| |
| |
| Myth is History and History as Myth | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Politics in the Reborn States | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lost Atlantises: The Half-Forgotten Nationalities of the Baltic | |
| |
| |
| An Area of Mixed Settlement | |
| |
| |
| The Baltic Germans | |
| |
| |
| The Jerusalem of Lithuania | |
| |
| |
| The Frontier of Poland | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Baltic Russians | |
| |
| |
| A Question of Identity | |
| |
| |
| The Baltic Russians through History | |
| |
| |
| The List Stand of the Soviet Union | |
| |
| |
| Defending the Legacy of Peter: The Soviet and Russian Military Presence | |
| |
| |
| Kaliningrad and the Kaliningrad Question | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Independence Movements and their Successors, 1987-92 | |
| |
| |
| A Confusion of Terms | |
| |
| |
| Rise of the National Movements, 1987-90 | |
| |
| |
| 'Be Realistic: Ask the Impossible': The Declarations of Independence, 1990 | |
| |
| |
| The 'Bloody Events': January to August 1991 | |
| |
| |
| The Fragmentation of Politics and the Difficulties of Government: Lithuania | |
| |
| |
| Ethnic Estonian Politics, 1990-92 | |
| |
| |
| Ethnic Latvian Politics, 1990-92 | |
| |
| |
| The Baltic Independence Movements and the Baltic Russians | |
| |
| |
| |
| Building on Ruins: The Recreation of the New States | |
| |
| |
| The Baltic, Year Zero | |
| |
| |
| Achieving Military Control | |
| |
| |
| Industry and Energy | |
| |
| |
| Privatization and Corruption | |
| |
| |
| In the Scissors: Baltic Agriculture | |
| |
| |
| The New Currencies | |
| |
| |
| Banking on Chaos | |
| |
| |
| The Church | |
| |
| |
| Peoples Divided | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion: The West and the Baltic States | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 1: Historical Chronology, 3500 BC-1985 AD | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 2: Contemporary Chronology 1985-92 | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 3: Baltic Demography and Geography | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 4: The Soviet Baltic Economies on the Eve of the National Revolutions (1989-90) | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 5: Biographical Guide to Political Figures 1988-92 | |
| |
| |
| Index | |