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| Brief Contents | |
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| Contents | |
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| Preface | |
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| Organization of the Book | |
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| Foundations | |
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| Spatial Vision | |
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| Visual Dynamics | |
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| Tailoring the Book to Different Needs | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Foundations | |
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| An Introduction to Vision Science | |
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| Visual Perception | |
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| Defining Visual Perception | |
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| The Evolutionary Utility of Vision | |
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| Perception as a Constructive Act | |
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| Perception as Modeling the Environment | |
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| Perception as Apprehension of Meaning | |
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| Optical Information | |
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| The Behavior of Light | |
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| The Formation of Images | |
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| Vision as an "Inverse" Problem | |
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| Visual Systems | |
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| The Human Eye | |
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| The Retina | |
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| Visual Cortex | |
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| Theoretical Approaches | |
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| Classical Theories of Vision | |
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| Structuralism | |
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| Gestaltism | |
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| Ecological Optics | |
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| Constructivism | |
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| A Brief History of Information Processing | |
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| Computer Vision | |
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| Information Processing Psychology | |
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| Biological Information Processing | |
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| Information Processing Theory | |
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| The Computer Metaphor | |
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| Three Levels of Information Processing | |
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| Three Assumptions of Information Processing | |
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| Representation | |
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| Processes | |
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| Four Stages of Visual Perception | |
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| The Retinal Image | |
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| The Image-Based Stage | |
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| The Surface-Based Stage | |
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| The Object-Based Stage | |
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| The Category-Based Stage | |
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| Color Vision: A Microcosm of Vision Science | |
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| The Computational Description of Color Perception | |
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| The Physical Description of Light | |
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| The Psychological Description of Color | |
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| The Psychophysical Correspondence | |
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| Image-Based Color Processing | |
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| Basic Phenomena | |
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| Theories of Color Vision | |
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| Physiological Mechanisms | |
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| Development of Color Vision | |
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| Surface-Based Color Processing | |
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| Lightness Constancy | |
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| Chromatic Color Constancy | |
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| The Category-Based Stage | |
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| Color Naming | |
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| Focal Colors and Prototypes | |
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| A Fuzzy-Logical Model of Color Naming | |
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| Spatial Vision | |
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| Processing Image Structure | |
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| Physiological Mechanisms | |
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| Retinal and Geniculate Cells | |
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| Striate Cortex | |
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| Striate Architecture | |
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| Development of Receptive Fields | |
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| Psychophysical Channels | |
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| Spatial Frequency Theory | |
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| Physiology of Spatial Frequency Channels | |
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| Computational Approaches | |
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| Marr's Primal Sketches | |
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| Edge Detection | |
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| Alternative Computational Theories | |
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| A Theoretical Synthesis | |
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| Visual Pathways | |
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| Physiologlcal Evidence | |
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| Perceptual Evidence | |
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| Perceiving Surfaces Oriented in Depth | |
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| The Problem of Depth Perception | |
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| Heuristic Assumptions | |
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| Marr's 2.5-D Sketch | |
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| Ocular Information | |
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| Accormmodation | |
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| Convergence | |
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| Stereoscopic Information | |
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| Binocular Disparity | |
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| The Correspondence Problem | |
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| Computational Theories | |
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| Physiological Mechanisms | |
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| Vertical Disparity | |
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| Da Vinci Stereopsis | |
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| Dynamic Information | |
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| Motion Parallax | |
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| Optic Flow Caused by a Moving Observer | |
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| Optic Flow Caused by Moving Objects | |
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| Accretion/Deletion of Texture | |
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| Pictorial Information | |
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| Perspective Projection | |
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| Convergence of Parallel Lines | |
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| Position Relative to the Horizon of a Surface | |
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| Relative Size | |
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| Familiar Size | |
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| Texture Gradients | |
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| Edge Interpretation | |
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| Shading Information | |
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| Aerial Perspective | |
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| Integrating Information Sources | |
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| Development of Depth Perception | |
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| Ocular Information | |
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| Stereoscopic Information | |
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| Dynamic Information | |
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| Pictorial Information | |
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| Organizing Objects and Scenes | |
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| Perceptual Grouping | |
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| The Classical Principles of Grouping | |
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| New Principles of Grouping | |
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| Measuring Grouping Effects Quantitatively | |
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| Is Grouping an Early or Late Process? | |
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| Past Experience | |
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| Region Analysis | |
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| Uniform Connectedness | |
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| Region Segmentation | |
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| Texture Segregation | |
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| Figure/Ground Organization | |
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| Principles of Figure/Ground Organization | |
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| Ecological Considerations | |
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| Effects of Meaningfulness | |
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| The Problem of Holes | |
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| Visual Interpolation | |
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| Visual Completion | |
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| Illusory Contours | |
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| Perceived Transparency | |
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| Figural Scission | |
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| The Principle of Nonaccidentalness | |
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| Multistability | |
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| Connectionist Network Models | |
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| Neural Fatigue | |
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| Eye Fixations | |
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| The Role of Instructions | |
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| Development of Perceptual Organization | |
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| The Habituation Paradigm | |
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| The Development of Grouping | |
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| Perceiving Object Properties and Parts | |
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| Size | |
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| Size Constancy | |
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| Size Illusions | |
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| Shape | |
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| Shape Constancy | |
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| Shape Illusions | |
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| Orientation | |
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| Orientation Constancy | |
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| Orientation Illusions | |
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| Position | |
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| Perception of Direction | |
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| Position Constancy | |
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| Position Illusions | |
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| Perceptual Adaptation | |
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| Parts | |
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| Evidence for Perception of Parts | |
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| Part Segmentation | |
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| Global and Local Processing | |
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| Representing Shape and Structure | |
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| Shape Equivalence | |
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| Defining Objective Shape | |
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| Invariant Features | |
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| Transformational Alignment | |
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| Object-Centered Reference Frames | |
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| Theories of Shape Representation | |
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| Templates | |
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| Fourier Spectra | |
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| Features and Dimensions | |
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| Structural Descriptions | |
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| Figural Goodness and Pragnanz | |
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| Theories of Figural Goodness | |
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| Structural Information Theory | |
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| Perceiving Function and Category | |
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| The Perception of Function | |
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| Direct Perception of Affordances | |
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| Indirect Perception of Function by Categorization | |
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| Phenomena of Perceptual Categorization | |
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| Categorical Hierarchies | |
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| Perspective Viewing Conditions | |
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| Part Structure | |
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| Contextual Effects | |
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| Visual Agnosia | |
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| Theories of Object Categorization | |
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| Recognition by Components Theory | |
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| Accounting for Empirical Phenomena | |
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| Viewpoint-Specific Theories | |
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| Identifying Letters and Words | |
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| Identifying Letters | |
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| Identifying Words and Letters Within Words | |
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| The Interactive Activation Model | |
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| Visual Dynamics | |
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| Perceiving Motion and Events | |
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| Image Motion | |
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| The Computational Problem of Motion | |
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| Continuous Motion | |
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| Apparent Motion | |
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| Physiological Mechanisms | |
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| Computational Theories | |
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| Object Motion | |
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| Perceiving Object Velocity | |
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| Depth and Motion | |
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| Long-Range Apparent Motion | |
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| Dynamic Perceptual Organization | |
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| Self-Motion and Optic Flow | |
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| Induced Motion of the Self | |
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| Perceiving Self-Motion | |
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| Understanding Events | |
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| Biological Motion | |
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| Perceiving Causation | |
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| Intuitive Physics | |
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| Visual Selection: Eye Movements And Attention | |
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| Eye Movements | |
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| Types Of Eye Movements | |
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| The Physiology Of The Oculomotor System | |
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| Saccaadic Exploration Of The Visual Environment | |
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| Visual Attention | |
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| Early Versus Late Selection | |
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| Costs and Benefits of Attention | |
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| Theories of Spatial Attention | |
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| Selective Attention to Properties | |
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| Distributed versus Focused Attention | |
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| Feature Integration Theory | |
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| The Physiology of Attention | |
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| Attention and Eye Movements | |
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| Visual Memory and Imagery | |
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| Visual Memory | |
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| Three Memory Systems | |
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| Iconic Memory | |
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| Visual Short-Term Memory | |
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| Visual Long-Term Memory | |
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| Memory Dynamics | |
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| Visual Imagery | |
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| The Analog/Propositional Debate | |
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| Mental Transformtions | |
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| Image Inspection | |
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| Kosslyn's Model of Imagery | |
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| The Relation of Imagery to Perception | |
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| Visual Awareness | |
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| Philosophical Foundations | |
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| The Mind-Body Problem | |
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| The Problem of Other Minds | |
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| Neuropsychology of Visual Awareness | |
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| Split-Brain Patients | |
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| Blindsight | |
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| Unconscious Processing in Neglect and Balint's Syndrome | |
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| Unconscious Face Recognition in Prosopagnosia | |
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| Visual Awareness in Normal Observers | |
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| Perceptual Defense | |
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| Subliminal Perception | |
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| Inattentional Blindsight | |
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| Theories of Consciousness | |
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| Functional Architecture Theories | |
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| Biological Theories | |
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| Consciousness and the Limits of Science | |
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| Psychophysical Methods | |
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| Measuring Thresholds | |
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| Method of Adjustment | |
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| Method of Limits | |
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| Method of Constant Stimuli | |
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| The Theoretical Status of Thresholds | |
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| Signal Detection Theory | |
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| Response Bias | |
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| The Signal Detection Paradigm | |
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| The Theory of Signal Detectability | |
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| Difference Thresholds | |
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| Just Noticeable Differences | |
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| Weber's Law | |
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| Psychophysical Scaling | |
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| Fechner's Law | |
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| Stevens's Law | |
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| Suggestions for Futher Reading | |
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| Connectionist Modeling | |
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| Network Behavior | |
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| Unit Behavior | |
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| System Architecture | |
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| Systemic Behavior | |
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| Connectionist Learning Algorithms | |
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| Back Propagation | |
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| Gradient Descent | |
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| Color Technology | |
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| Additive versus Subtractive Color Mixture | |
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| Adding versus Multiplying Spectra | |
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| Maxwell's Color Triangle | |
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| C.I.E. Color Space | |
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| Subtractive Color Mixture Space? | |
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| Color Television | |
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| Paints and Dyes | |
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| Subtractive Combination of Paints | |
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| Additive Combination of Paints | |
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| Color Photography | |
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| Color Printing | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |