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| Preface | |
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| Cultural Anthropology and International Business | |
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| Introduction: Global Connections | |
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| The Anthropological Perspective | |
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| Cultural Anthropology and Business | |
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| Culture and International Business | |
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| The Need for Greater Awareness of the Cultural Environment | |
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| International Competency-A National Problem | |
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| Culture and International Business: A Conceptual Approach | |
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| Culture Defined | |
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| Culture Is Learned | |
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| Culture Influences Biological Processes | |
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| Cultural Universals | |
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| Economic Systems | |
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| Marriage and Family Systems | |
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| Educational Systems | |
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| Social Control Systems | |
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| Supernatural Belief Systems | |
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| Cultural Change | |
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| Ethnocentrism | |
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| Cultures Are Integrated Wholes | |
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| Some Precautions | |
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| Corporations Also Have Cultures | |
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| Cultural Differences in Business: Challenges and Opportunities | |
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| Crass-Cultural Scenarios | |
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| Communicating across Cultures: Language | |
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| The Need for Linguistic Proficiency in International Business | |
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| Linguistic Diversity | |
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| Language and Culture | |
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| The Influence of Culture on Language | |
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| The Influence of Language on Culture | |
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| Language Mirrors Values | |
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| Linguistic Style | |
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| Language and Social Context | |
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| Some Additional Complicating Factors | |
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| Slang | |
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| Euphemisms | |
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| Proverbs | |
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| Verbal Dueling | |
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| Humor | |
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| Conversational Taboos | |
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| New Modes of Communication in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Cross-Cultural Scenarios | |
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| Communicating across Cultures: The Nonverbal Dimension | |
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| The Nature of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Body Posture | |
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| Hand Gestures | |
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| Facial Expressions | |
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| Gaze | |
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| Proxemics | |
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| Bodily Contact (Touching) | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Cross-Cultural Scenarios | |
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| Contrasting Cultural Values | |
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| The Individual-Collective Dimension | |
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| How This Value Plays Out in the Two Types of Societies | |
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| Implications for Business | |
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| The Equality-Hierarchy Dimension | |
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| How This Value Plays Out in the Two Types of Societies | |
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| Implications for Business | |
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| The Tough-Tender Dimension | |
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| How This Value Plays Out in the Two Types of Societies | |
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| Implications for Business | |
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| The Uncertainty-Avoidance Dimension | |
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| How This Value Plays Out in the Two Types of Societies | |
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| Implications for Business | |
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| The Time Dimension | |
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| Precise versus Loose Reckoning of Time | |
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| Sequential versus Synchronized Time | |
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| Past, Present, and Future Orientations | |
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| How This Value Plays Out in Different Types of Societies | |
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| Implications for Business | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Cross-Cultural Scenarios | |
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| Negotiating across Cultures | |
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| The Nature of Cross-Cultural Negotiation | |
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| Where to Negotiate | |
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| Effective Strategies for International Negotiators | |
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| Avoid Cultural Cluelessness | |
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| Concentrate on Long-Term Relationships, Not Short-Term Contracts | |
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| Focus on the Interests behind the Positions | |
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| Avoid Overreliance on Cultural Generalizations | |
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| Be Sensitive to Timing | |
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| Remain Flexible | |
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| Prepare Carefully | |
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| Learn to Listen, Not Just Speak | |
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| Be Realistic about How Others View Us | |
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| Act Ethically and with Integrity | |
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| The Use of Interpreters | |
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| The Global Negotiator | |
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| Cross-Cultural Scenarios | |
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| Coping with Culture Shock | |
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| The Nature of Culture Shock | |
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| Minimizing Culture Shock | |
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| Cross-Cultural Scenarios | |
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| Developing Global Managers | |
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| Selection | |
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| Communication Skills | |
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| Personality Traits | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Family Circumstances | |
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| CCT | |
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| Repatriation | |
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| Global Managers for the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Cross-Cultural Scenarios | |
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| Cross-Cultural Scenario Discussions | |
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| Locating Relevant Cultural Information | |
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| The Traditional Anthropological Approach | |
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| Culture-Specific Associations | |
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| Some Country-Specific Sources | |
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| U.S. Government Sources | |
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| Sources of Country-Specific News and Current Events | |
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| The Electronic Library | |
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| Human Resources for Culture-Specific Information | |
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| One's Own Company | |
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| Academia | |
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| Foreign Trade Offices | |
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| Private-Sector Consultants and Trainers | |
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| The Search for Cultural Information Upon Arrival | |
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| In-Country Documentary Resources | |
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| In-Country Human Resources | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Photo Credits | |
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| Index | |