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Preface | |
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To the Reader | |
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About the Authors | |
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Ideology and Democracy | |
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Ideology and Ideologies | |
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A Working Definition of "Ideology" | |
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Human Nature and Freedom | |
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Human Nature | |
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Freedom | |
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Ideology and Revolution | |
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Nationalism and Anarchism | |
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Nationalism | |
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Anarchism | |
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Conclusion | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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The Democratic Ideal | |
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The Origins of Democracy | |
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Democracy and Republic | |
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The Republic and Mixed Government | |
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Christianity and Democracy | |
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Renaissance and Republicanism | |
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The Atlantic Republican Tradition | |
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The Return of Democracy | |
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Seventeenth-Century Democrats | |
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The United States as Democratic Republic | |
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Tocqueville on Democracy | |
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The Growth of Democracy | |
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Democracy as an Ideal | |
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Three Conceptions of Democracy | |
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Conclusion | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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The Development of Political Ideologies | |
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Liberalism | |
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Liberalism, Human Nature, and Freedom | |
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Historical Background | |
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Medieval Origins | |
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The Protestant Reformation | |
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Liberalism and Revolution | |
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England | |
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The American Revolution | |
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The French Revolution | |
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Liberalism and Capitalism | |
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Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century | |
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Utilitarianism | |
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Liberalism Divided | |
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Neoclassical Liberalism | |
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Welfare Liberalism | |
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Liberalism in the Twentieth Century | |
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Historical Developments | |
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Philosophical Considerations | |
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The Libertarian Vision | |
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Liberalism Today: Divisions and Differences | |
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Conclusion | |
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Liberalism as an Ideology | |
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Liberalism and the Democratic Ideal | |
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Coda: The Limits of Liberal Toleration | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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Conservatism | |
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The Politics of Imperfection | |
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The Conservatism of Edmund Burke | |
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Human Nature and Society | |
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Freedom | |
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Revolution and Reform | |
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Burke on Government | |
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Burke's Legacy | |
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Conservatism in the Nineteenth Century | |
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Conservatism and Reaction | |
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Tory Democracy | |
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Conservatism in the United States | |
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Conservatism in the Twentieth Century | |
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Conservatism Versus Mass Society | |
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Leveling | |
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Conservatives and Communism | |
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Conservatism Today: A House Divided | |
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Traditional Conservatism | |
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Individualist Conservatism | |
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Neoconservatism | |
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The Religious Right | |
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Conclusion | |
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Conservatism as an Ideology | |
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Conservatism and Democracy | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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Socialism and Communism: More to Marx | |
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Human Nature and Freedom | |
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Socialism: The Precursors | |
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Saint-Simon | |
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Fourier | |
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Owen | |
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The Socialism of Karl Marx | |
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The Young Marx | |
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The Influence of Hegel | |
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Marx's Theory of History | |
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Marx's Critique of Capitalism | |
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The Dialectic of Change | |
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The Revolutionary Sequence | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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Socialism and Communism After Marx | |
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Marxism After Marx | |
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Engels's Marxism | |
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The Revisionists | |
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Soviet Marxism-Leninism | |
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Chinese Communism | |
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Non-Marxist Socialism | |
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Anarcho-Communism | |
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Fabian Socialism | |
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American Socialism | |
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Socialism Today | |
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Conclusion | |
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Socialism as an Ideology | |
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Socialism and the Democratic Ideal | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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Fascism | |
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Fascism: The Background | |
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The Counter-Enlightenment | |
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Nationalism | |
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Elitism | |
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Irrationalism | |
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Fascism in Italy | |
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Mussolini and Italian Fascism | |
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Fascism in Theory and Practice | |
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Fascism in Germany: Nazism | |
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Hitler and Nazism | |
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Nazism in Theory and Practice | |
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Fascism Elsewhere | |
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Fascism Today | |
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Conclusion | |
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Fascism as an Ideology | |
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Fascism and the Democratic Ideal | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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Political Ideologies Today and Tomorrow | |
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Liberation Ideologies and the Politics of Identity | |
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Liberation Ideologies: Common Characteristics | |
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Black Liberation | |
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Women's Liberation (Feminism) | |
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Gay Liberation | |
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Native People's Liberation (Indigenism) | |
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Liberation Theology | |
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Animal Liberation | |
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Conclusion | |
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Liberty, Identity, and Ideology | |
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Liberation, Identity, and the Democratic Ideal | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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"Green" Politics: Ecology as Ideology | |
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The Green Critique of Other Ideologies | |
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Toward an Ecological Ethic | |
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Unresolved Differences | |
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Conclusion | |
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Ecology as Ideology | |
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Ecology, Freedom, and the Democratic Ideal | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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Radical Islamism | |
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Islam: A Short History | |
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Radical Islamism | |
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Human Nature and Freedom | |
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Conclusion | |
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Radical Islamism as an Ideology | |
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Radical Islamism and the Democratic Ideal | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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Postscript: The Future of Ideology | |
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Political Ideologies: Continuing Forces | |
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Nationalism and Ideology | |
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Religion and Ideology | |
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Ideology and Public Policy | |
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Ideology, the Environment, and Globalization | |
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Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal | |
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The End of Ideology? | |
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Notes | |
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For Further Reading | |
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Glossary | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |