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| Maps and Graphics | |
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| Features | |
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| American Lives | |
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| Re-Viewing the Past | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| Debating the Past | |
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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Prologue: Beginnings | |
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| Reconstruction and the South | |
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| Presidential Reconstruction | |
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| Republican Radicals | |
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| Congress Rejects Johnsonian Reconstruction | |
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| The Fourteenth Amendment | |
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| The Reconstruction Acts | |
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| Congress Supreme | |
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| The Fifteenth Amendment | |
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| "Black Republican" Reconstruction: Scalawags and Carpetbaggers | |
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| The Ravaged Land | |
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| Sharecropping and the Crop-Lien System | |
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| The White Backlash | |
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| Grant as President | |
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| The Disputed Election of 1876 | |
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| The Compromise of 1877 | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| The Politics of Reconstruction | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Were Reconstruction governments corrupt? | |
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| In the Wake of War | |
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| Congress Ascendant | |
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| The Political Aftermath of War | |
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| Blacks After Reconstruction | |
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| Booker T. Washington: A "Reasonable" Champion for Blacks | |
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| White Violence and Vengeance | |
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| The West After the Civil War | |
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| The Plains Indians | |
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| Indian Wars | |
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| The Destruction of Tribal Life | |
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| The Lure of Gold and Silver in the West | |
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| Big Business and the Land Bonanza | |
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| Western Railroad Building | |
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| The Cattle Kingdom | |
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| Open-Range Ranching | |
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| Barbed-Wire Warfare | |
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| American Lives | |
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| Nat Love | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Was the frontier exceptionally violent? | |
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| An Industrial Giant | |
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| Essentials of Industrial Growth | |
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| Railroads: The First Big Business | |
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| Iron, Oil, and Electricity | |
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| Competition and Monopoly: The Railroads | |
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| Competition and Monopoly: Steel | |
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| Competition and Monopoly: Oil | |
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| Competition and Monopoly: Retailing and Utilities | |
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| American Ambivalence to Big Business | |
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| Reformers: George, Bellamy, Lloyd | |
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| Reformers: The Marxists | |
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| The Government Reacts to Big Business: Railroad Regulation | |
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| The Government Reacts to Big Business: The Sherman Antitrust Act | |
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| The Labor Union Movement | |
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| The American Federation of Labor | |
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| Labor Militancy Rebuffed | |
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| Whither America, Whither Democracy? | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| Were the Railroads Indispensable to Economic Growth? | |
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| Debating the Past | |
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| Were the industrialists "robber barons" or savvy entrepreneurs? | |
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| American Society in the Industrial Age | |
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| Middle-Class Life | |
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| Skilled and Unskilled Workers | |
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| Working Women | |
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| Farmers | |
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| Working-Class Family Life | |
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| Working-Class Attitudes | |
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| Working Your Way Up | |
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| The "New" Immigration | |
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| New Immigrants Face New Nativism | |
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| The Expanding City and Its Problems | |
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| Teeming Tenements | |
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| The Cities Modernize | |
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| Leisure Activities: More Fun and Games | |
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| Christianity's Conscience and the Social Gospel | |
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| The Settlement Houses | |
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| Civilization and Its Discontents | |
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| Mapping The Past | |
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| Cholera: A New Disease Strikes the Nation | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Did immigrants assimilate? | |
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| Intellectual and Cultural Trends | |
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| The Knowledge Revolution | |
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| Magazine Journalism | |
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| Colleges and Universities | |
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| Revolution in the Social Sciences | |
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| Progressive Education | |
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| Law and History | |
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| Realism in Literature | |
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| Mark Twain | |
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| William Dean Howells | |
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| Henry James | |
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| Realism in Art | |
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| The Pragmatic Approach | |
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| Re-Viewing the Past | |
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| Titanic | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Did the frontier engender individualism and democracy? | |
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| Politics: Local, State, and National | |
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| Political Strategy and Tactics | |
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| Voting Along Ethnic and Religious Lines | |
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| City Bosses | |
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| Party Politics: Sidestepping the Issue | |
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| Lackluster Leaders | |
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| Crops and Complaints | |
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| The Populist Movement | |
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| Showdown on Silver | |
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| The Depression of 1893 | |
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| The Election of 1896 | |
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| The Meaning of the Election | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| The Election of 1896 | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Were city governments corrupt and incompetent? | |
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| The Age of Reform | |
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| Roots of Progressivism | |
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| The Muckrakers | |
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| The Progressive Mind | |
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| "Radical" Progressives: The Wave of the Future | |
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| Political Reform: Cities First | |
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| Political Reform: The States | |
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| State Social Legislation | |
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| Political Reform: The Woman Suffrage Movement | |
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| Political Reform: Income Taxes and Popular Election of Senators | |
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| Theodore Roosevelt: Cowboy in the White House | |
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| Roosevelt and Big Business | |
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| Roosevelt and the Coal Strike | |
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| TR's Triumphs | |
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| Roosevelt Tilts Left | |
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| William Howard Taft: The Listless Progressive, or More Is Less | |
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| Breakup of the Republican Party | |
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| The Election of 1912 | |
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| Wilson: The New Freedom | |
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| The Progressives and Minority Rights | |
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| Black Militancy | |
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| American Lives | |
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| Emma Goldman | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Were the Progressives forward-looking? | |
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| From Isolation to Empire | |
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| Isolation or Imperialism? | |
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| Origins of the Large Policy: Coveting Colonies | |
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| Toward an Empire in the Pacific | |
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| Toward an Empire in Latin America | |
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| The Cuban Revolution | |
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| The "Splendid Little" Spanish-American War | |
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| Developing a Colonial Policy | |
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| The Anti-Imperialists | |
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| The Philippine Insurrection | |
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| Cuba and the United States | |
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| The United States in the Caribbean and Central America | |
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| The Open Door Policy | |
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| The Panama Canal | |
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| Imperialism Without Colonies | |
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| American Lives | |
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| Frederick Funston | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Did the United States acquire an overseas empire for economic reasons? | |
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| Woodrow Wilson and the Great War | |
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| Wilson's "Moral" Diplomacy | |
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| Europe Explodes in War | |
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| Freedom of the Seas | |
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| The Election of 1916 | |
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| The Road to War | |
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| Mobilizing the Economy | |
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| Workers in Wartime | |
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| Paying for the War | |
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| Propaganda and Civil Liberties | |
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| Wartime Reforms | |
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| Women and Blacks in Wartime | |
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| Americans: To the Trenches and Over the Top | |
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| Preparing for Peace | |
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| The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty | |
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| The Senate Rejects the League of Nations | |
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| Demobilization | |
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| The Red Scare | |
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| The Election of 1920 | |
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| American Lives | |
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| Harry S. Truman | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Did a stroke sway Wilson's judgment? | |
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| Postwar Society and Culture: Change and Adjustment | |
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| Closing the Gates to New Immigrants | |
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| New Urban Social Patterns | |
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| The Younger Generation | |
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| The "New" Woman | |
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| Popular Culture: Movies and Radio | |
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| The Golden Age of Sports | |
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| Urban-Rural Conflicts: Fundamentalism | |
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| Urban-Rural Conflicts: Prohibition | |
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| The Ku Klux Klan | |
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| Sacco and Vanzetti | |
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| Literary Trends | |
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| The "New Negro." | |
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| Economic Expansion | |
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| The Age of the Consumer | |
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| Henry Ford | |
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| The Airplane | |
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| Re-Viewing The Past | |
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| Chicago | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Was the decade of the 1920s one of self-absorption? | |
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| The New Era: 1921-1933 | |
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| Harding and "Normalcy." | |
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| "The Business of the United States Is Business." | |
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| The Harding Scandals | |
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| Coolidge Prosperity | |
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| Peace Without a Sword | |
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| The Peace Movement | |
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| The Good Neighbor Policy | |
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| The Totalitarian Challenge | |
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| War Debts and Reparations | |
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| The Election of 1928 | |
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| Economic Problems | |
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| The Stock Market Crash of 1929 | |
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| Hoover and the Depression | |
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| The Economy Hits Bottom | |
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| The Depression and Its Victims | |
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| The Election of 1932 | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| FDR's Political Revolution | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| What caused the Great Depression? | |
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| The New Deal: 1933-1941 | |
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| The Hundred Days | |
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| The National Recovery Administration (NRA) | |
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| The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | |
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| The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | |
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| The New Deal Spirit | |
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| The Unemployed | |
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| Literature in the Depression | |
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| Three Extremists: Long, Coughlin, and Townsend | |
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| The Second New Deal | |
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| The Election of 1936 | |
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| Roosevelt Tries to Undermine the Supreme Court | |
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| The New Deal Winds Down | |
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| Significance of the New Deal | |
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| Women as New Dealers: The Network | |
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| Blacks During the New Deal | |
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| A New Deal for Indians | |
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| The Role of Roosevelt | |
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| The Triumph of Isolationism | |
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| War Again in Europe | |
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| A Third Term for FDR | |
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| The Undeclared War | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| Isolationism of the 1930s | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Did the New Deal succeed? | |
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| War and Peace | |
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| The Road to Pearl Harbor | |
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| Mobilizing the Home Front | |
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| The War Economy | |
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| War and Social Change | |
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| Minorities in Time of War: Blacks, Hispanics, and Indians | |
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| The Treatment of German and Italian Americans | |
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| Internment of the Japanese | |
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| Women's Contribution to the War Effort | |
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| Allied Strategy: Europe First | |
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| Germany Overwhelmed | |
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| The Naval War in the Pacific | |
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| Island Hopping | |
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| Building the Atom Bomb | |
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| Wartime Diplomacy | |
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| Allied Suspicion of Stalin | |
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| Yalta and Potsdam | |
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| Re-Viewing the Past | |
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| Saving Private Ryan | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Should the United States have used atomic bombs against Japan? | |
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| The American Century | |
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| The Postwar Economy | |
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| The Containment Policy | |
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| The Atom Bomb: A "Winning" Weapon? | |
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| A Turning Point in Greece | |
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| The Marshall Plan and the Lesson of History | |
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| Dealing with Japan and China | |
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| The Election of 1948 | |
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| Containing Communism Abroad | |
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| Hot War in Korea | |
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| The Communist Issue at Home | |
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| McCarthyism | |
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| Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
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| The Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy | |
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| McCarthy Self-Destructs | |
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| Asian Policy After Korea | |
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| Israel and the Middle East | |
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| Eisenhower and Khrushchev | |
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| Latin America Aroused | |
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| The Politics of Civil Rights | |
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| The Election of 1960 | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| Planning Nuclear War | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Did Truman needlessly exacerbate relations with the Soviet Union? | |
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| From Camelot to Watergate | |
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| The Cuban Crises | |
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| The Vietnam War | |
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| "We Shall Overcome": The Civil Rights Movement | |
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| Tragedy in Dallas: JFK Assassinated | |
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| Lyndon Baines Johnson | |
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| The Great Society | |
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| Johnson Escalates the War | |
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| Opposition to the War | |
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| The Election of 1968 | |
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| Nixon as President: "Vietnamizing" the War | |
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| The Cambodian "Incursion." | |
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| D�tente with Communism | |
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| Nixon in Triumph | |
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| Domestic Policy Under Nixon | |
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| The Watergate Break-in | |
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| More Troubles for Nixon | |
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| The Judgment on Watergate: "Expletive Deleted." | |
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| The Meaning of Watergate | |
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| Mapping The Past | |
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| School Segregation After the Brown Decision | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Would JFK have sent a half-million American troops to Vietnam? | |
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| Society in Flux | |
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| A Society on the Move | |
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| The Advent of Television | |
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| At Home and Work | |
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| The Growing Middle Class | |
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| Religion in Changing Times | |
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| Literature and Art | |
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| The Perils of Progress | |
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| The Costs of Prosperity | |
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| New Racial Turmoil | |
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| Native-Born Ethnics | |
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| Rethinking Public Education | |
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| Students in Revolt | |
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| The Counterculture | |
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| The Sexual Revolution | |
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| Women's Liberation | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| Roe v. Wade and the Abortion Controversy | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Did mass culture make life shallow? | |
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| Running on Empty: The Nation Transformed | |
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| The Oil Crisis | |
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| Ford as President | |
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| The Fall of South Vietnam | |
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| Ford Versus Carter | |
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| The Carter Presidency | |
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| A National Malaise | |
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| Stagflation: The Weird Economy | |
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| Families Under Stress | |
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| Cold War or D�tente? | |
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| The Iran Crisis: Origins | |
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| The Iran Crisis: Carter's Dilemma | |
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| The Election of 1980 | |
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| Reagan as President | |
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| Four More Years | |
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| "The Reagan Revolution." | |
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| Change and Uncertainty | |
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| AIDS | |
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| The New Merger Movement | |
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| "A Job for Life": Layoffs Hit Home | |
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| A "Bipolar" Economy, a Fractured Society | |
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| The Iran-Contra Arms Deal | |
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| American Lives | |
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| Bill Gates | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Did Reagan end the Cold War? | |
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| Misdemeanors and High Crimes | |
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| The Election of 1988 | |
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| Crime and Punishment | |
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| "Crack" and Urban Gangs | |
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| George H. W. Bush as President | |
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| The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe | |
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| The War in the Persian Gulf | |
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| The Deficit Worsens | |
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| Looting the Savings and Loans | |
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| Whitewater and the Clintons | |
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| The Election of 1992 | |
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| A New Start: Clinton | |
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| Emergence of the Republican Majority | |
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| The Election of 1996 | |
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| A Racial Divide | |
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| Violence and Popular Culture | |
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| Clinton Impeached | |
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| Clinton's Legacy | |
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| The Economic Boom and the Internet | |
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| The 2000 Election: George W. Bush Wins by One Vote | |
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| Terrorism Intensifies | |
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| September 11, 2001 | |
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| America Fights Back: War in Afghanistan | |
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| The Second War in Iraq | |
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| The Election of 2004 | |
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| The Imponderable Future | |
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| Mapping The Past | |
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| Twenty Years of Terrorism | |
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| Debating The Past | |
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| Do historians ever get it right? | |
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| Appendix | |
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| The Declaration of Independence | |
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| The Articles of Confederation | |
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| The Constitution of the United States of America | |
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| Amendments to the Constitution | |
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| Presidential Elections, 1789-2004 | |
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| Picture Credits | |
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| Index | |
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| "How to Analyze Primary Source Documents" | |
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| Primary Source Documents | |
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| Carl Schurz, Report on the Condition of the South (1865) | |
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| Accounts of the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890s) | |
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| Samuel Gompers, The American Labor Movement: Its Makeup, Achievements and Aspirations (1914) | |
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| Richard K. Fox, from Coney Island Frolics (1883) | |
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| Adna Weber, "The Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century" (1899) | |
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| Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "If I Were a Man" (1914) | |
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| Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883) | |
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| Mary Elizabeth Lease, from Populist Crusader (1892) | |
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| Mother Jones, "The March of the Mill Children" (1903) | |
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| Ernest Howard Crosby, "The Real 'White Man's Burden'" (1899) | |
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| William McKinley, "Decision on the Philippines" (1900) | |
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| Eugene Kennedy, "A 'Doughboy" Describes the Fighting Front" (1918) | |
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| Henry Cabot Lodge's Objections to Article 10 of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) | |
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| John F. Carter, "'These Wild Young People' by One of Them" (1920) | |
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| Edward Earle Purinton, from "Big Ideas from Big Business" (1921) | |
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| Franklin D. Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address (1932) | |
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| Franklin D. Roosevelt, "The Four Freedoms" (1941) | |
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| Albert Einstein, Letter to President Roosevelt (1939) | |
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| Ronald Reagan, Testimony Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1947) | |
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| Executive Order 9981 (1948) | |
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| The Southern Manifesto (1956) | |
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| John Lewis, Address at the March on Washington (1963) | |
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| National Defense Education Act (1958) | |
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| Shirley Chisholm, "Equal Rights for Women" (May 21, 1969) | |
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| President Ronald Reagan, Address to the National Association of Evangelicals (1983) | |
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| George W. Bush, Address to Congress (September 20, 2001) | |
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| Maps | |
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| The Compromise of 1877 | |
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| Indian Wars, 1860-1890 | |
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| Loss of Indian Lands, 1850-2000 | |
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| The West: Cattle, Railroads, and Mining, 1850-1893 | |
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| The Forging of U.S. Steel | |
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| Prostitution in Nineteenth-Century New York | |
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| The Advance Women's Suffrage | |
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| The Advance of Prohibition | |
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| Election of 1912 | |
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| The Course of Empire, 1867-1901 | |
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| Spanish-American War, Caribbean Theater | |
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| Spanish Debacle at Santiago, July 3, 1898 | |
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| The United States in the Caribbean and Central America | |
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| The U.S. Panama Canal | |
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| The Western Front | |
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| Europe Before World War I | |
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| Europe After World War I | |
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| The Making of Black Harlem: 1911, 1925, and 1930 | |
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| The Tennessee Valley Authority | |
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| Japanese Relocation from the West Coast, 1942-1945 | |
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| The Liberation of Europe | |
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| Nazi Concentration Camps | |
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| World War II, Pacific Theater | |
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| European Recipients of Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 | |
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| Air Relief to Berlin | |
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| U.S. Defensive Perimeter in the Pacific, January 1950 | |
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| North Korean Offensive, June-August 1950 | |
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| Southeast Asia, 1954-1975 | |
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| Failure of the Equal Rights Amendment, 1972-1982 | |
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| The Middle East | |
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| Success of Republican "Southern Strategy." | |
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| The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe | |
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| The Middle East | |
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| Additional maps, listed by topic, appear in the "Mapping the Past" features, listed on page xxx | |
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| Maps for every presidential election from 1789 to 2004 appear in the Appendix, pages A00-A00 | |
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| Graphs | |
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| Southern Agriculture, 1850-1900 | |
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| Immigration, 1860-1910 | |
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| U-Boat Campaign, 1914-1918 | |
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| Casualties of the Great War | |
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| Unemployment and Federal Action, 1929-1941 | |
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| High School and College Graduates, 1870-1983 | |
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| Features | |
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| American Lives | |
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| Nat Love | |
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| Emma Goldman | |
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| Frederick Funston | |
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| Harry S. Truman | |
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| Bill Gates | |
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| Re-Viewing the Past | |
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| Titanic | |
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| Chicago | |
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| Saving Private Ryan | |
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| Mapping the Past | |
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| Were the Railroads Indispensable to Economic Growth? | |
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| Cholera: A New Disease Strikes the Nation | |
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| The Election of 1896 | |
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| FDR's Political Revolution | |
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| Isolationism of the 1930s | |
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| Planning Nuclear War | |
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| School Segregation After the Brown Decision | |
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| Roe v. Wade and the Abortion Controversy | |
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| Twenty Years of Terrorism | |
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| Debating the Past | |
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| Were Reconstruction governments corrupt? | |
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| Was the frontier exceptionally violent? | |
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| Were the industrialists "robber barons" or savvy entrepreneurs? | |
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| Did immigrants assimilate? | |
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| Did the frontier engender individualism and democracy? | |
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| Were city governments corrupt and incompetent? | |
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| Were the Progressives forward-looking? | |
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| Did the United States acquire an overseas empire for moral or economic reasons? | |
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| Did a stroke sway Wilson's judgement? | |
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| Was the decade of the 1920s one of self-absorption? | |
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| What caused the Great Depression? | |
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| Did the New Deal succeed? | |
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| Should the United States have used atomic bombs against Japan? | |
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| Did Truman needlessly exacerbate relations with the Soviet Union? | |
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| Would JFK have sent a half-million American troops to Vietnam? | |
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| Did mass culture make life shallow? | |
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| Did Reagan end the Cold War? | |
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| Do historians ever get it right? | |