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| Most chapters conclude with Trying It Out, Notes, and References | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Quantitative versus Qualitative Schools of Thought | |
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| Use of Triangulation Research Methodology | |
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| Qualitative Strategies: Defining an Orientation | |
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| From a Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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| Why Use Qualitative Methods? | |
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| A Plan of Presentation | |
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| Designing Qualitative Research | |
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| Theory and Concepts | |
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| Ideas and Theory | |
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| Literature Review | |
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| Framing Research Problems | |
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| Operationalization and Conceptualization | |
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| Designing Projects | |
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| Data Collection and Organization | |
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| Data Storage, Retrieval, and Analysis | |
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| Dissemination | |
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| Ethical Issues | |
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| Research Ethics in Historical Perspective | |
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| From Guidelines to Law: Regulations on the Research Process | |
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| Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) | |
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| Ethical Codes | |
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| Some Common Ethical Concerns in Behavioral Research | |
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| Physical and Ethical Dangers in Covert Research | |
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| Informed Consent and Implied Consent | |
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| Confidentiality and Anonymity | |
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| Securing the Data | |
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| Objectivity and Careful Research Design | |
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| A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing | |
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| Dramaturgy and Interviewing | |
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| Types of Interviews | |
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| The Interview Schedule | |
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| Schedule Development | |
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| Communicating Effectively | |
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| A Few Common Problems in Question Formulation | |
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| Pretesting the Schedule | |
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| Long versus Short Interviews | |
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| Telephone Interviews | |
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| Conducting an Interview: A Natural or an Unnatural Communication? | |
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| The Dramaturgical Interview | |
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| The Interviewer's Repertoire | |
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| Know Your Audience | |
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| Analyzing Data Obtained from the Dramaturgical Interview | |
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| Focus Group Interviewing | |
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| What Are Focus Group Interviews? | |
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| The Evolution of Focus Group Interviews | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Group Interviewing | |
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| Facilitating Focus Group Dynamics: How Focus Groups Work | |
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| The Moderator's Guide | |
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| Basic Ingredients in Focus Groups | |
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| Confidentiality and Focus Group Interviews | |
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| Recent Trends in Focus Groups | |
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| Ethnographic Field Strategies | |
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| Accessing a Field Setting: Getting In | |
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| Reflectivity and Ethnography | |
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| Becoming Invisible | |
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| Other Dangers during Ethnographic Research | |
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| Watching, Listening, and Learning | |
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| Other Analysis Strategies: Typologies, Sociograms, and Metaphors | |
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| Disengaging: Getting Out | |
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| Action Research | |
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| The Basics of Action Research | |
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| Identifying the Research Question(s) | |
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| Gathering the Information to Answer Question(s) | |
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| Analyzing and Interpreting the Information | |
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| Sharing the Results with the Participants | |
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| The Action Researcher's Role | |
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| Types of Action Research | |
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| Unobtrusive Measures in Research | |
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| Archival Strategies | |
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| Physical Erosion and Accretion: Human Traces as Data Sources | |
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| Historiography and Oral Traditions | |
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| What Is Historical Research? | |
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| Life Histories and Historiography | |
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| What Are the Sources of Data of Historical Researchers? | |
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| Doing Historiography: Tracing Written History as Data | |
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| What Are Oral Histories? | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| The Nature of Case Studies | |
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| The Individual Case Study | |
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| Intrinsic, Instrume | |