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| Most chapters conclude with Exercises, Notes, and Works Cited | |
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| Preface | |
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| Ancient Rhetorics: Their Differences and the Differences They Make | |
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| Ancient Attitudes Toward Rhetoric | |
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| Some Differences between Modern and Ancient Rhetorics | |
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| Language as Power | |
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| A History of Ancient Rhetorics | |
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| Early Rhetors, Rhetoricians, and Teachers | |
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| The Older Sophists | |
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| Philosophers on Rhetoric | |
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| Isocrates | |
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| An Early Sophistic Textbook | |
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| Hellenistic Rhetoric | |
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| Roman Rhetoric | |
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| Rhetoric in Later Antiquity | |
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| Further Reading about Ancient Rhetorics | |
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| Invention | |
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| Kairos and the Rhetorical Situation | |
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| Seizing the Moment | |
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| (Kairos) Kairos and Dissonance | |
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| A Kairotic Stance | |
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| Questions Raised by Kairos Urgency: How Urgent or Immediate Is the Issue? | |
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| Arguments | |
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| Power Dynamics: Who Gets to Speak? | |
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| Who Can Be Heard? | |
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| A Web of Related Issues | |
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| Stasis Theory: Asking the Right Questions | |
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| What Happens When Stasis Is Not Achieved? | |
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| The Four Questions | |
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| Are We into Theory Here or What? | |
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| Putting These Distinctions to Work | |
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| Using the Stases | |
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| The Commonplaces | |
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| Commonplaces and Ideology | |
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| Ancient Topical Traditions | |
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| Aristotle's Common Topics | |
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| Past/Future Fact (Conjecture) | |
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| Greater/Lesser (Values) | |
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| Possible/Impossible (Possibilities) | |
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| The Topics and American Ideologies | |
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| The Political and Ethical Commonplaces | |
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| Conjecture | |
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| Greater/Lesser | |
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| Possibilities | |
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| Ethical Proof | |
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| Ethos in Ancient Rhetorics | |
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| Invented Ethos | |
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| Voice and Rhetorical Distance | |
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| Grammatical Person | |
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| Verb Tense and Voice | |
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| Word Size | |
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| Qualifiers | |
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| Punctuation | |
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| Situated Ethos | |
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| Pathetic Proof | |
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| Ancient Teachers on the Emotions | |
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| Emotions as Rhetorical Proofs | |
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| The Characters of Audiences | |
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| Composing Pathetic Proofs | |
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| Using Honorific and Pejorative Language | |
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| Reasoning in Rhetoric | |
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| Probabilities | |
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| Aristotle on Reasoning in Rhetoric | |
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| Deduction | |
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| Induction | |
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| Enthymemes | |
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| Extrinsic Proofs | |
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| Extrinsic Proofs in Ancient Rhetorics | |
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| Testimony | |
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| Data | |
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| Arrangement | |
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| Arrangement | |
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| Ancient Teachings about Arrangement | |
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| The Exordium | |
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| Introductions | |
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| Topics for Making Audiences Attentive | |
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| Topics for Making Audiences Receptive | |
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| Insinuations | |
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| The Narrative (Statement of the Case) | |
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| The Partition | |
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| The Arguments: Confirmation and Refutation | |
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| The Peroration (Conclusion) | |
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| Composing a Summary | |
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| Composing Appeals to the Emotions | |
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| Enhancing Ethos | |
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| The Formal Topics | |
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| Definition | |
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| Definition by Species/Genus | |
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| Enumerative Definition | |
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| Analytic Definition | |
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| Etymological Definition | |
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| Division | |
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| Classification | |
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| Similarity (Comparison) | |
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| Style, Memory, And Delivery | |
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| Style | |
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| Correctness | |
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| Clarity | |
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| Appropriateness: Kairos and Style | |
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| Ornament | |
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| Sentence Composition | |
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| Paratactic and Periodic Styles | |
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| Figurative Language | |
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| Figures that Interrupt Normal Wo | |