Logic

Name: Logic
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780199846313

ISBN-10: 0199846316

ISBN-13: 9780199846313

Edition: 2nd 2012

Authors: Stan Baronett

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Description:

Baronett brings vivid writing, real-world examples, and a choice of practical applied chapters to a course known for formal reasoning, to bridge the connections to student lives and future careers. This comprehensive introduction to logic and critical reasoning shows how logic is relevant ineveryday life, demonstrating the applications of logic in, among other places, the workplace, media and entertainment, politics, science and technology, and student life. The real-world examples and exercises are oriented to the interests and experiences of students, and the explanations ofdifficult concepts are exceptionally clear and engaging.Each chapter opens with a discussion of an everyday example,… often taken directly from contemporary events, to pose the problem and set the narrative tone. This provides an immediate connection between logic and real-world issues, motivating the need for logic as a tool to help with the deluge ofinformation available today. The fifteen chapters are designed to provide a comprehensive logic textbook, but also one that can be tailored to individual courses and their needs. The chapters are modular and can be put together in a variety of ways in customized version that will suit anyone'sintroduction to logic or critical thinking course.The includes approximately 2600 exercises ("Check Your Understanding") that are progressive, varied, and real-world, letting students practice what they have learned through explanations and examples.A rich set of supplemental resources is available to support teaching and learning in this course. These supplements include an Instructor's Manual with Computerized Test Bank on CD, downloadable Learning Management System Cartridges, and a Companion Website for instructors and students availableonline at www.oup.com/us/baronett. The Instructor's Manual with Computerized Test Bank on CD includes: Solutions to all exercises in the book, Summary of each chapter, Key Terms, A customizable Computerized Test Bank with multiple-choice, true/false, and fill-in-the-blank questions to allowinstructors to give Exams or Homework Problems and receive autograded feedback, A traditional Test Bank and answer key for instructors to give "pen and pencil" Exams and Homework using the identical questions that are found on the Computerized Test Bank (The Instructor's Manual with ComputerizedTest Bank and the traditional Test Bank are also available in printed format), and PowerPoint lecture outlines. The Learning Management System Cartridges include the Instructor's Manual and Computerized Test Bank, as well as student-material from the companion website, in a fully downloadable formatfor instructors using a learning management system in their courses. The Companion Website includes the following material: Introduction to Book/Authors: Table of Contents, About the Authors; Instructor's Resources (password protected): A downloadable version of the Instructor's Manual (exceptingthe Test Bank and the Solutions to exercises, which are only available in CD or printed format), PowerPoint lecture outlines; and Student Resources: Brief Summary of each chapter, Interactive Flash Cards with key terms and definitions, WebLinks and other media resources, and Practice quizzes withanswers and explanations.The first text to make logic relevant, interesting, and accessible to today's students, by bridging both formal and informal logic to real life.

Book details

List price: $99.95
Edition: 2nd
Copyright year: 2012
Publisher: Oxford University Press, Incorporated
Publication date: 7/27/2012
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 736
Size: 9.20" wide x 7.30" long x 1.30" tall
Weight: 2.816
Language: English



Each chapter ends with a Summary, Key Terms, and a Logic Challenge



Setting the Stage



What Logic Studies



Statements and Arguments



Recognizing Arguments


Check Your Understanding 1B



Arguments and Explanations


Check Your Understanding 1C



Truth and Logic


E. Deductive and Inductive Arguments


Check Your Understanding 1E



Deductive Arguments: Validity and Truth


Logical Form


Counterexamples


Check Your Understanding 1F



Inductive Arguments: Strength and Truth


Techniques of Analysis


Check Your Understanding 1G


Logic Challenge: The Problem of the Hats



Informal Logic



Language Matters



Intension and Extension


Terms, Use, and Mention


Two Kinds of Meaning


Proper Names


Check Your Understanding 2A



Using Intensional Definitions


Synonymous Definitions


Word Origin Definitions


Operational Definitions


Definition by Genus and Difference



Using Extensional Definitions


Ostensive Definitions


Enumerative Definitions


Definition by Subclass


Check Your Understanding 2C



Applying Definitions


Stipulative Definitions


Lexical Definitions


Functional Definitions


Precising Definitions


Theoretical Definitions


Persuasive Definitions


Check Your Understanding 2D



Guidelines for Informative Definitions


Check Your Understanding 2E



Cognitive and Emotive Meaning


Check Your Understanding 2F



Factual and Verbal Disputes


Check Your Understanding 2G


Logic Challenge: The Path



Diagrams and Analysis



The Basics of Diagramming Arguments


Check Your Understanding 3A



Incomplete Arguments


Check Your Understanding 3B



Rhetorical Language


Rhetorical Questions


Rhetorical Conditionals


Rhetorical Disjunctions


Check Your Understanding 3C



Necessary and Sufficient Conditions


Check Your Understanding 3D


Logic Challenge: The Train to Vegas



Informal Fallacies



Fallacies of Relevance



Argument Against the Person



Tu Quoque



Appeal to the People



Appeal to Pity



Appeal to Force



Appeal to Ignorance



Missing the Point



Appeal to an Unqualified Authority


Summary of Fallacies of Relevance


Check Your Understanding 4A



Fallacies of Unwarranted Assumption



Begging the Question



Complex Question



Biased Sample



Accident



Hasty Generalization



Misleading Precision



False Dichotomy



False Dilemma



Coincidence



Post Hoc Fallacy



Common Cause Fallacy



Slippery Slope


Summary of Fallacies of Unwarranted Assumption


Check Your Understanding 4B



Fallacies of Ambiguity or Diversion



Equivocation



Amphiboly



Composition



Division



Emphasis



Straw Man Fallacy



Red Herring Fallacy


Check Your Understanding 4C


Summary of Fallacies of Ambiguity or Diversion



Recognizing Fallacies in Ordinary Language


Check Your Understanding 4D


Logic Challenge: A Clever Problem



Formal Logic



Categorical Propositions



Categorical Propositions


Check Your Understanding 5A



Quantity, Quality, and Distribution


Check Your Understanding 5B



The Square of Opposition


Check Your Understanding 5C



Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition


Conversion


Obversion


Contraposition


Check Your Understanding 5D



Existential Import



The Modern Square of Opposition



Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition Revisited


Check Your Understanding 5G



Venn Diagrams and the Traditional Square


Check Your Understanding 5H


I


Missing Plural Nouns


Nonstandard Verbs


Singular Propositions


Adverbs and Pronouns


"It Is False That . . ."


Implied Quantifiers


Nonstandard Quantifiers


Conditional Statements


Exclusive Propositions


"The Only"


Propositions Requiring Two Translations


Check Your Understanding 5I


Logic Challenge: Group Relationship



Categorical Syllogisms



Standard-Form Categorical Syllogisms



Diagramming in the Modern Interpretation


Diagramming A-propositions


Diagramming E-propositions


Diagramming I-propositions


Diagramming O-propositions


Wrapping Up the X


Is the Syllogism Valid?


Check Your Understanding 6B



Diagramming in the Traditional Interpretation


A-propositions


E-propositions


When Both Interpretations Give the Same Results


Check Your Understanding 6C



Mood and Figure


Check Your Understanding 6D



Rules and Fallacies


Check Your Understanding 6E



Ordinary Language Arguments


Reducing the Number of Terms in an Argument


Check Your Understanding 6F.1


Paraphrasing Ordinary Language Arguments


Categorical Propositions and Multiple Arguments


Check Your Understanding 6F.2



Enthymemes


Check Your Understanding 6G



Sorites


Check Your Understanding 6H


Logic Challenge: The Four Circles



Propositional Logic



Logical Operators and Translations


Simple and Compound Statements


Negation


Conjunction


Disjunction


Conditional Statements


Distinguishing "If" from "Only if"


Biconditional


Check Your Understanding 7A



Complex Statements


Well-Formed Formulas


Check Your Understanding 7B.1


Main Operator


Check Your Understanding 7B.2


Translations and the Main Operator


Check Your Understanding 7B.3



Truth Functions


Defining the Five Logical Operators


Negation


Conjunction


Disjunction


Conditional


Biconditional


Check Your Understanding 7C


Operator Truth Tables and Ordinary Language



Truth Tables for Propositions


Arranging the Truth Values


The Order of Operations


Check Your Understanding 7D.1


Propositions with Assigned Truth Values


Check Your Understanding 7D.2



Contingent and Noncontingent Statements


Tautology


Self-Contradiction


Check Your Understanding 7E



Logical Equivalence


Check Your Understanding 7F



Contradictory, Consistent, and Inconsistent Statements


Check Your Understanding 7G



Truth Tables for Arguments


Validity


Technical Validity


Check Your Understanding 7H


I


Thinking Through An Argument


A Shorter Truth Table


Check Your Understanding 7I.1


Necessary and Sufficient Conditions


Argument Form


Check Your Understanding 7I.2


Examining Statements for Consistency


Check Your Understanding 7I.3


Logic Challenge: A Card Problem



Natural Deduction



Natural Deduction



Implication Rules I


Modus Ponens (MP)


Modus Tollens (MT)


Hypothetical Syllogism (HS)


Disjunctive Syllogism (DS)


Justification--Applying the Rules of Inference


Check Your Understanding 8B



Tactics and Strategy


Working Through a Proof


Check Your Understanding 8C



Implication Rules II


Constructive Dilemma (CD)


Simplification (Simp)


Conjunction (Conj)


Addition (Add)


Check Your Understanding 8D



Replacement Rules I


De Morgan (DM)


Commutation (Com)


Association (Assoc)


Distribution (Dist)


Double Negation (DN)


Check Your Understanding 8E



Replacement Rules II


Transposition (Trans)


Material Implication (Impl)


Material Equivalence (Equiv)


Exportation (Exp)


Tautology (Taut)


Check Your Understanding 8F



Conditional Proof


Check Your Understanding 8G



Indirect Proof


Check Your Understanding 8H


Logic Challenge: The Truth



Predicate Logic



Translating Ordinary Language


Singular Statements


Universal Statements


Particular Statements


Paying Attention to Meaning


Check Your Understanding 9A



Four New Rules of Inference


Universal Instantiation


Universal Generalization


Existential Generalization


Existential Instantiation


Summary of the Four Rules


Tactics and Strategy


Check Your Understanding 9B



Change of Quantifier


Check Your Understanding 9C



Conditional and Indirect Proof


Conditional Proof


Indirect Proof


Check Your Understanding 9D



Proving Invalidity


Counterexample Method


Finite Universe Method


Indirect Truth Tables


Check Your Understanding 9E



Relational Predicates


Translations


Check Your Understanding 9F.1


Proofs


A New Restriction


Change of Quantifier


Conditional Proof and Indirect Proof


Check Your Understanding 9F.2



Identity


Simple Identity Statements


"Only"


"The Only"


"No . . . Except"


"All Except"


Superlatives


"At Most"


"At Least"


"Exactly"


Definite Descriptions


Summary of Identity Translations


Check Your Understanding 9G.1


Proofs


Check Your Understanding 9G.2


Logic Challenge: Your Name and Age, Please



Inductive Logic



Analogical Arguments



The Framework of Analogical Arguments


Check Your Understanding 10A



Analyzing Analogical Arguments


Criteria for Analyzing Analogical Arguments


Check Your Understanding 10B



Strategies of Evaluation


Disanalogies


Counteranalogy


Unintended Consequences


Combining Strategies


Check Your Understanding 10C


Logic Challenge: Beat the Cheat



Legal Arguments



Deductive and Inductive Reasoning



Conditional Statements



Necessary and Sufficient Conditions



Disjunction and Conjunction



Analyzing a Complex Rule


Check Your Understanding 11E



Analogies



The Role of Precedent


Check Your Understanding 11G


Logic Challenge: A Guilty Problem



Moral Arguments



Value Judgments


Justifying "Should"


Types of Value Judgments


Taste and Value


Check Your Understanding 12A



Moral Theories


Emotivism


Consequentialism


Egoism


Utilitarianism


Deontology


Situation Ethics


Relativism


Contrasting Moral Theories


Check Your Understanding 12B



The Naturalistic Fallacy



The Structure of Moral Arguments



Analogies and Moral Arguments


Check Your Understanding 12E



Justifying Moral Premises


Check Your Understanding 12F


Logic Challenge: Dangerous Cargo



Statistical Arguments and Probability



Samples and Populations


Check Your Understanding 13A



Statistical Averages


Check Your Understanding 13B



Standard Deviation


Dividing the Curve


The Size of the Standard Deviation


How to Calculate Standard Deviation


Check Your Understanding 13C



What If the Results Are Skewed?



The Misuse of Statistics


Check Your Understanding 13E



Probability Theories


A Priori Theory


Relative Frequency Theory


Subjectivist Theory



Probability Calculus


Conjunction Methods


Disjunction Methods


Negation Method


Check Your Understanding 13G



True Odds in Games of Chance


I


Check Your Understanding 13I


Logic Challenge: The Second Child



Causality and Scientific Arguments



Causality



Mill's Methods


Method of Agreement


Method of Difference


Joint Method of Agreement and Difference


Method of Residues


Method of Concomitant Variations


Check Your Understanding 14B



Limitations of Mill's Methods



Theoretical and Experimental Science



Inference to the Best Explanation



Hypothesis Testing, Experiments, and Predictions


Controlled Experiments


Determining Causality



Science and Superstition


The Need for a Fair Test


Verifiable Predictions


Nontrivial Predictions


Connecting the Hypothesis and Prediction


Science and Superstition


The Allure of Superstition


Check Your Understanding 14G


Logic Challenge: The Scale and the Coins



Analyzing a Long Essay



Childbed Fever



Vienna


Check Your Understanding 15B



Miasm and Contagion


Check Your Understanding 15C



Semmelweis' Account of the Discovery


Check Your Understanding 15D


Summary of Semmelweis' Account



Initial Questions


Check Your Understanding 15E



A New Interpretation


Check Your Understanding 15F


Logic Challenge: A Relative Problem


Bibliography


Glossary


Answers to Selected Exercises


Index