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| List of Illustrations | |
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| List of Maps | |
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| List of Contributors | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Peoples of temperate Europe before the Roman conquest | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Geography | |
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| The Late Bronze Age background | |
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| Towns, trade, and status in the Early Iron Age (800-450 BC) | |
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| New styles and changing relationships (450-400 BC) | |
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| Larger communities and public ritual (400-150 BC) | |
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| Urban centres of the Late Iron Age | |
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| The native peoples and Rome | |
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| Approaches to understanding changes at the end of the Iron Age | |
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| The Roman Republic: political history | |
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| From monarchy to Republic | |
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| The early Republic (c.509-338) | |
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| The middle Republic (c.338-218): formalization of the state | |
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| Foreign relations to the end of the Hannibalic War | |
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| World domination, political strife | |
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| The end of the Republic | |
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| The Roman Empire from Augustus to Diocletian | |
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| Europe in the empire | |
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| The sources | |
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| From triumvir to princeps | |
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| Government: city and empire | |
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| The governing class | |
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| The emperor and the army | |
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| The transmission of power: Tiberius to the Antonines | |
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| Centre and periphery | |
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| The Augustan settlement renegotiated | |
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| The principate in crisis | |
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| The empire at the accession of Diocletian | |
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| Roman society | |
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| The Roman household | |
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| familia, domus and social networks | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Warfare and the Army | |
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| War: what is it good for? | |
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| Who did the fighting? | |
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| War and society: Rome and Italy | |
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| The impact of war: the empire | |
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| Economy and trade | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Production | |
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| Labour | |
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| Distribution and trade | |
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| Consumption and services | |
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| Coinage and monetization | |
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| City and countryside | |
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| The third century and after | |
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| The Roman European economy in the perspective of the longue duree | |
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| Religions | |
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| A history divine | |
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| The shock of the old | |
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| sacra publica-the 'state religion' | |
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| sacra priuata | |
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| North-western Europe | |
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| The empire: the third century AD | |
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| Christianity | |
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| The cultural implications of the Roman conquest | |
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| The problem | |
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| Politics, law, and language | |
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| Cities, architecture, and art | |
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| Landscapes and communities | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The fourth century | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A brief history of the fourth century | |
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| Rome in the fourth century | |
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| The wandering imperial 'capital': Trier, Milan, and Aquileia | |
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| 'Cadavers of half-ruined cities': towns of fourth-century Roman Europe | |
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| Urban defences | |
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| Defence in the countryside: the return to oppida | |
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| The countryside | |
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| Paganism and Christianity beyond the imperial 'capitals' | |
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| Conclusion: being Roman in fourth-century Europe | |
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| Peoples beyond the Roman imperial frontiers | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Roman representations of barbarians | |
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| Warlike barbarians | |
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| Archaeology of the peoples beyond the frontiers | |
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| Dynamics of change from the third to the fifth century | |
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| The archaeology of interaction in the frontier zone | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Maps | |
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| Index | |