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| Abbreviations | |
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| Gregory XVI | |
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| The Election of 1831 | |
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| Revolution in the Papal States | |
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| The Five Powers at Rome | |
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| Lamennais and the Idea of Toleration | |
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| Bourgeois France and the Church | |
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| Germany and Marriage | |
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| The Trier Robe | |
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| The Sonderbund | |
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| The Missions | |
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| The Papal States in Italy | |
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| Italy for the Italians | |
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| Mazzini | |
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| The Neo-Guelfs | |
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| Gregory XVI's Reputation | |
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| A Liberal Pope, 1846-1848 | |
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| The Conclave of 1846 | |
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| The Amnesty | |
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| The Pope as Leader of Italy | |
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| The Refusal to Go to War | |
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| Pellegrino Rossi | |
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| The Roman Revolution | |
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| The Flight of the Pope | |
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| The Roman Republic | |
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| The Restoration to Rome | |
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| Catholic Power | |
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| Louis Napoleon | |
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| The Austrian Concordat | |
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| The Pope and Catholic Power | |
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| Political Reputation | |
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| The Making of Italy | |
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| The Quarrel Between the Pope and Piedmont | |
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| Cavour and Religion | |
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| The Election of 1857 and Its Consequences | |
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| The Plan to Unite North Italy | |
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| Garibaldi in the South | |
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| The Death of Cavour | |
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| The Search for 'Liberal Priests' | |
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| The Need for a Council | |
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| Napoleon III and the Church of the 1860s | |
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| The September Convention | |
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| The Syllabus of Errors | |
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| The First Vatican Council | |
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| The Prisoner of the Vatican | |
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| The Acceptance of the Council | |
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| Rome as a Lay City | |
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| The Prisoner in the Vatican | |
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| The Law of Guarantees | |
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| The New Bishops | |
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| The Speeches of Pius IX | |
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| Conciliation with Italy? | |
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| Austria | |
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| The Old Catholics | |
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| The Kulturkampf in Germany | |
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| Britain | |
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| The Deaths of the Pope and the King of Italy | |
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| Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) | |
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| The Conclave of 1878 | |
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| The Character of Leo XIII | |
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| The Philosophy of St Thomas Aquinas | |
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| Leo XIII and Italy | |
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| The Relationships with the Powers | |
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| The Ending of the German Kulturkampf | |
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| The Kulturkampf in Switzerland | |
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| The Kulturkampf in France | |
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| Conciliation in Italy? | |
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| Freemasons | |
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| Socialism and the Workers' Movement | |
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| Ketteler | |
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| Rerum novarum, 1891 | |
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| Democracy? | |
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| The Press | |
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| The Death of Leo XIII | |
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| Pope Pius X (1903-1914) | |
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| The Conclave of 1903 | |
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| The Early Career of Pope Pius X | |
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| Modernism | |
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| The Endeavour at Reform of the Church | |
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| The Reform of Canon Law | |
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| The Daily Eucharist | |
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| Music | |
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| The Daily Office | |
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| The Ideal of a Priest | |
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| Reform of the Curia | |
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| The Cardinals | |
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| Pius X and France | |
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| Separation of Church and State in France | |
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| The Roman Question and Italian Politics | |
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| Nationality and Religion: Tyrol and Poland | |
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| Tyrol | |
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| Poland | |
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| The Uniats | |
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| Catholicism and Nationalism in Poland | |
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| The Poles in Prussia | |
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| The Poles in Galicia | |
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| The Change of 1905 | |
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| Nationality and Religion: Spain | |
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| The Carlist War | |
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| The Spanish Concordat | |
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| Father Claret | |
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| The Quest for Order in the State | |
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| Clericalism and Anticlericalism | |
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| Integrism versus Liberalism | |
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| The Seminaries | |
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| The Parishes | |
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| The Revival of Religious Orders | |
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| The Jesuits | |
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| The Holy Family at Barcelona | |
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| The Spanish Protestants | |
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| Nationality and Religion: Portugal | |
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| The Monks | |
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| Church and State | |
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| The Piety of the People | |
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| The Portuguese Revolution of 1910 | |
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| The Religious | |
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| The Benedictines | |
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| Camaldoli | |
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| The Olivetans | |
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| The Franciscans | |
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| The Cistercians | |
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| The Carthusians | |
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| The Dominicans | |
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| The Jesuits | |
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| The Oratorians | |
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| The Mercedarians | |
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| The Salesians | |
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| The Nuns | |
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| The Mariavites | |
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| Catholic Universities | |
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| The Idea of Reunion | |
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| Saints in the Modern World | |
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| Doctors of the Church | |
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| Select Bibliography | |
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| Index | |