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| Preface and acknowledgements | |
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| Islands as Natural Laboratories | |
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| The natural laboratory paradigm | |
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| Island environments | |
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| Types of islands | |
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| Modes of origin | |
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| Plate boundary islands | |
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| Islands in intraplate locations | |
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| Environmental changes over long timescales | |
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| Changes in relative sea level-reefs, atolls, and guyots | |
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| Eustatic changes in sea level | |
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| Climate change on islands | |
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| The developmental history of the Canaries, Hawaii, and Jamaica | |
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| The physical environment of islands | |
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| Topographic characteristics | |
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| Climatic characteristics | |
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| Water resources | |
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| Tracks in the ocean | |
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| Natural disturbance on islands | |
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| Magnitude and frequency | |
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| Disturbance from volcanism and mega-landslides | |
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| Summary | |
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| The biogeography of island life: biodiversity hotspots in context | |
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| Introduction: the global significance of island biodiversity | |
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| Species poverty | |
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| Disharmony, filters, and regional biogeography | |
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| Filtering effects, dispersal limits, and disharmony | |
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| Biogeographical regionalism and the vicariance/dispersalism debate | |
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| Macaronesia-the biogeographical affinities of the Happy Islands | |
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| Endemism | |
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| Neo- and palaeoendemism | |
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| Endemic plants | |
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| Endemic animals | |
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| Cryptic and extinct island endemics: a cautionary note | |
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| Summary | |
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| Island Ecology | |
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| Species numbers games: the macroecology of island biotas | |
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| The development of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography | |
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| Island species-area relationships (ISARs) | |
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| Species abundance distributions | |
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| The distance effect | |
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| Turnover, the core model (EMIB), and its immediate derivatives | |
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| Competing explanations for systematic variation in island species-area relationships | |
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| Island species numbers and ISARs: what have we learnt? | |
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| Area and habitat diversity | |
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| Area is not always the first variable in the model | |
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| Distance and species numbers | |
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| Species-area relationships in remote archipelagos | |
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| Scale effects and the shape of species-area relationships | |
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| Species-energy theory-a step towards a more complete island species richness model? | |
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| Turnover | |
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| Pseudoturnover and cryptoturnover | |
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| When is an island in equilibrium? | |
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| The rescue effect and the effect of island area on immigration rate | |
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| The path to equilibrium | |
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| What causes extinctions? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Community assembly and dynamics | |
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| Island assembly theory | |
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| Assembly rules | |
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| Incidence functions and tramps | |
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| The dynamics of island assembly | |
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| Chequerboard distributions | |
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| Combination and compatibility-assembly rules for cuckoo-doves | |
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| Criticisms, 'null' models, and responses | |
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| Exploring incidence functions | |
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| Linking island assembly patterns to habitat factors | |
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| Anthropogenic experiments in island assembly: evidence of competitive effects? | |
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| Nestedness | |
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| Successional island ecology: first elements | |
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| Krakatau-succession, dispersal structure, and hierarchies | |
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| Background | |
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| Community succession | |
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| A dispersal-structured model of island recolonization | |
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| Colonization and turnover-the dynamics of species lists | |
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| The degree of organization in the Krakatau assembly process | |
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| Concluding observations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Scale and island ecological theory: towards a new synthesis | |
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| Limitations of the dynamic equilibrium model of island biogeography: a reappraisal | |
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| Scale and the dynamics of island biotas | |
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| Residency and hierarchical interdependency: further illustrations from Krakatau | |
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| Forms of equilibria and non-equilibria | |
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| Temporal variation in island carrying capacities | |
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| The prevalence and implications of intense disturbance events | |
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| Variation in species number in the short and medium term | |
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| Long term non-equilibrium systems | |
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| Implications for endemics? | |
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| Future directions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Island Evolution | |
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| Arrival and change | |
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| Founder effects, genetic drift, and bottlenecks | |
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| Implications of repeated founding events | |
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| After the founding event: ecological responses to empty niche space | |
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| Ecological release | |
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| Density compensation | |
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| Character displacement | |
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| Sex on islands | |
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| Dioecy and outcrossing | |
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| Loss of flower attractiveness | |
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| Anemophily | |
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| Parthenogenesis | |
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| Hybridization | |
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| Peculiarities of pollination and dispersal networks on islands | |
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| The emergence of endemic super-generalists | |
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| Unusual pollinators | |
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| Unusual dispersal agents | |
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| Niche shifts and syndromes | |
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| The loss of dispersal powers | |
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| The development of woodiness in herbaceous plant lineages | |
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| Size shifts in island species and the island rule | |
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| Changes in fecundity and behaviour | |
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| The island syndrome in rodents | |
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| Summary | |
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| Speciation and the island condition | |
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| The species concept and its place in phylogeny | |
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| The geographical context of speciation events | |
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| Distributional context | |
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| Locational and historical context-island or mainland change? | |
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| Mechanisms of speciation | |
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| Allopatric or geographical speciation | |
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| Competitive speciation | |
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| Polyploidy | |
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| Lineage structure | |
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| Summary | |
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| Emergent models of island evolution | |
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| Anagenesis: speciation with little or no radiation | |
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| The taxon cycle | |
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| Melanesian ants | |
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| Caribbean birds | |
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| Caribbean anolcs | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Adaptive radiation | |
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| Darwin's finches and the Hawaiian honeycreeper-finches | |
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| Hawaiian crickets and drosophilids | |
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| Adaptive radiation in plants | |
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| From valley isolates to island-hopping radiations 230 Non-adaptive radiation | |
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| Speciation within an archipelago | |
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| Island-hopping allopatric radiations: do clades respond to islands or to habitats? | |
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| Island-hopping on the grand scale | |
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| Observations on the forcing factors of island evolution | |
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| Variation in insidar endemism between taxa | |
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| Biogeographical hierarchies and island evolutionary models | |
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| Summary | |
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| Islands and Conservation | |
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| Island theory and conservation | |
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| Islands and conservation | |
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| Habitats as islands | |
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| Minimum viable popidations and minimum viable areas | |
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| How many individuals are needed? | |
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| How big an area? | |
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| Applications of incidence functions | |
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| Metapopulation dynamics | |
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| The core-sink model variant | |
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| Deterministic extinction and colonization within metapopulations | |
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| Value of the metapopulation concept | |
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| Reserve configuration-the 'Single Large or Several Small' (SLOSS) debate | |
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| Dealing with the leftovers | |
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| Trophic level, scale, and system extent | |
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| Physical changes and the hyperdynamism of fragment systems | |
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| Relaxation and turnover-the evidence | |
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| Succession in fragmented landscapes | |
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| The implications of nestedness | |
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| Edge effects | |
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| Landscape effects, isolation, and corridors | |
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| The benefits of wildlife corridors | |
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| The benefits of isolation | |
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| Corridors or isolation? | |
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| Reserve systems in the landscape | |
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| Species that don't stay put | |
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| Does conservation biology need island theory? | |
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| A non-equilibrium world? | |
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| Ecological hierarchies and fragmented landscapes | |
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| Climate change and reserve systems | |
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| Concluding remarks: from island biogeography to countryside biogeography? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Anthropogenic losses and threats to island ecosystems | |
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| Current extinctions in context | |
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| Stochastic versus deterministic extinctions | |
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| The scale of island losses globally | |
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| The agencies of destruction | |
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| Predation by humans | |
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| Introduced species | |
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| Disease | |
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| Habitat degradation and loss | |
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| Trends in the causes of decline | |
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| A record of passage-patterns of loss across island taxa | |
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| Pacific Ocean birds and the Easter Island enigma | |
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| Indian Ocean birds | |
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| Reptiles | |
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| Caribbean land mammals | |
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| Island snails | |
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| Plants in peril | |
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| How fragile and invasible are island ecosystems? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Island remedies: the conservation of island ecosystems | |
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| Contemporary problems on islands | |
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| Maldives: in peril because of climatic change | |
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| Okino-Tori-Shima: the strategic economic importance of a rocky outcrop | |
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| Nauru: the destruction of an island | |
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| The Canaries: unsustainable development in a natural paradise | |
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| Contemporary problems in the Galapagos: a threatened evolutionary showcase | |
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| Some conservation responses | |
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| Biological control-a dangerous weapon? | |
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| Translocation and release programmes | |
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| Protected area and species protection systems: the Canarian example | |
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| Sustainable development on islands: constraints and remedies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |