| |
| |
| List of contributors | |
| |
| |
| List of abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Development and anatomy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Craniofacial development | |
| |
| |
| Early development | |
| |
| |
| Later development | |
| |
| |
| Mechanisms of craniofacial growth control | |
| |
| |
| |
| General anatomy | |
| |
| |
| Skin | |
| |
| |
| The skeletal system | |
| |
| |
| The nervous system | |
| |
| |
| The cardiovascular system | |
| |
| |
| Bone | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anatomy of the head and neck | |
| |
| |
| The scalp | |
| |
| |
| The face | |
| |
| |
| The temporal region | |
| |
| |
| The ear | |
| |
| |
| The eye | |
| |
| |
| The nasal cavity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Oral anatomy: the oral cavity, salivary glands, and the temporomandibular joint | |
| |
| |
| The palate | |
| |
| |
| Floor of the mouth | |
| |
| |
| The tongue | |
| |
| |
| The salivary glands | |
| |
| |
| The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | |
| |
| |
| |
| The neck | |
| |
| |
| Deep fascia | |
| |
| |
| The triangles of the neck | |
| |
| |
| The cervical nerve plexus | |
| |
| |
| Midline structures of the neck | |
| |
| |
| The thyroid gland | |
| |
| |
| The pharynx | |
| |
| |
| |
| Teeth | |
| |
| |
| Tooth structure | |
| |
| |
| Enamel | |
| |
| |
| Dentin-pulp complex | |
| |
| |
| Pulp | |
| |
| |
| Dentin sensitivity | |
| |
| |
| Cementum | |
| |
| |
| Periodontal ligament (PDL) | |
| |
| |
| Alveolar process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Odontogenesis | |
| |
| |
| Stages in tooth development | |
| |
| |
| Root formation | |
| |
| |
| Pulp formation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tooth eruption | |
| |
| |
| Mechanisms of tooth eruption | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physiology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cell physiology | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The membrane potential | |
| |
| |
| Active transport | |
| |
| |
| Exocytosis | |
| |
| |
| Intracellular signalling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neurophysiology | |
| |
| |
| Basic mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| Action potential | |
| |
| |
| The synapse | |
| |
| |
| Sensory transduction | |
| |
| |
| Sensory receptors in oral structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mastication | |
| |
| |
| Muscles of mastication | |
| |
| |
| Chewing cycles | |
| |
| |
| Control of mastication | |
| |
| |
| Forces generated by masticatory muscles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Salivary gland function | |
| |
| |
| Saliva | |
| |
| |
| Function of saliva | |
| |
| |
| Xerostomia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Swallowing | |
| |
| |
| Neural control of swallowing | |
| |
| |
| Suckling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digestion and absorption | |
| |
| |
| Stomach | |
| |
| |
| Intestines | |
| |
| |
| The exocrine pancreas | |
| |
| |
| Bile | |
| |
| |
| |
| Liver | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kidneys | |
| |
| |
| Ultrafiltration | |
| |
| |
| Renal tubular excretion and reabsorption | |
| |
| |
| Renal (kidney) functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vitamins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Blood | |
| |
| |
| Hematopoiesis | |
| |
| |
| Red blood cells (RBCs) | |
| |
| |
| White blood cells (leukocytes) | |
| |
| |
| Platelets | |
| |
| |
| Hemostasis | |
| |
| |
| Complement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cardiovascular system | |
| |
| |
| Cardiac function | |
| |
| |
| Cardiac output | |
| |
| |
| Cardiac malfunction | |
| |
| |
| Blood pressure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Respiratory system | |
| |
| |
| Lung function | |
| |
| |
| Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport | |
| |
| |
| Neural control of respiration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Endocrine system | |
| |
| |
| Growth hormone (GH) (somatotrophin) | |
| |
| |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (corticotrophin) | |
| |
| |
| Luteinizing (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | |
| |
| |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | |
| |
| |
| Melanocyte stimulating hormone | |
| |
| |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) | |
| |
| |
| Oxytocin | |
| |
| |
| Melatonin | |
| |
| |
| Thyroid hormone (thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine) | |
| |
| |
| Parathyroid hormone | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin D | |
| |
| |
| Calcitonin | |
| |
| |
| Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) | |
| |
| |
| Glucocorticoids | |
| |
| |
| Mineralocorticoids | |
| |
| |
| Insulin | |
| |
| |
| Glucagon | |
| |
| |
| Somatostatin | |
| |
| |
| Estrogen | |
| |
| |
| Progesterone | |
| |
| |
| Testosterone | |
| |
| |
| Gastrin | |
| |
| |
| Secretin | |
| |
| |
| Cholecystokinin | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bone | |
| |
| |
| Bone cells | |
| |
| |
| Bone formation (osteogenesis) | |
| |
| |
| Bone modeling and remodeling | |
| |
| |
| Bone fracture repair | |
| |
| |
| Bone mineral homeostasis | |
| |
| |
| Hormonal control of calcium and bone metabolism | |
| |
| |
| Orthodontic tooth movement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wound healing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Biochemistry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Molecular architecture | |
| |
| |
| Proteins | |
| |
| |
| Nucleic acids | |
| |
| |
| Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| Lipids | |
| |
| |
| Enzymes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Protein expression, analysis, and proteomics | |
| |
| |
| Amino acid biosynthesis | |
| |
| |
| Direction of protein synthesis | |
| |
| |
| Genetic code | |
| |
| |
| Protein synthesis | |
| |
| |
| Protein function | |
| |
| |
| Proteins in health and disease | |
| |
| |
| Examining protein expression in cells and tissues | |
| |
| |
| Expression of exogenous proteins in cultured cells | |
| |
| |
| Protein-protein interactions | |
| |
| |
| Analysis of protein function in vivo--transgenic approaches | |
| |
| |
| Clinical aspects of protein analysis | |
| |
| |
| Computer-based analysis of expression patterns--bioinformatics | |
| |
| |
| Proteomics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Metabolism | |
| |
| |
| Metabolism of carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| Metabolism of lipids | |
| |
| |
| Metabolism of nucleic acids | |
| |
| |
| Metabolism of proteins and amino acids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cell signaling | |
| |
| |
| Features of cell signaling | |
| |
| |
| Types of cell signaling | |
| |
| |
| Types of signal | |
| |
| |
| Cell signaling pathways | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cells and tissues | |
| |
| |
| Epithelial tissues | |
| |
| |
| Connective tissue | |
| |
| |
| Basement membrane | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mineralized tissues | |
| |
| |
| Metabolism of calcium and phosphorus | |
| |
| |
| Biological apatite | |
| |
| |
| The mineralization process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Teeth | |
| |
| |
| Enamel | |
| |
| |
| Dentin | |
| |
| |
| Dental pulp | |
| |
| |
| |
| The periodontal tissues | |
| |
| |
| Gingiva | |
| |
| |
| Oral mucosa | |
| |
| |
| Crevicular fluid | |
| |
| |
| Periodontal ligament | |
| |
| |
| Cementum | |
| |
| |
| |
| The temporomandibular joint | |
| |
| |
| Articular surfaces | |
| |
| |
| Interarticular meniscus (TMJ disc) | |
| |
| |
| Synovial fluid | |
| |
| |
| |
| Saliva and the biochemical aspects of oral homeostasis | |
| |
| |
| Physicochemical properties of saliva | |
| |
| |
| Composition of saliva | |
| |
| |
| Functions of saliva | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dental plaque | |
| |
| |
| Formation and properties of dental plaque | |
| |
| |
| Properties of mature plaque | |
| |
| |
| Plaque metabolism and dental disease | |
| |
| |
| Plaque metabolism and periodontal disease | |
| |
| |
| |
| Genomics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Genomics | |
| |
| |
| Structural genomics | |
| |
| |
| Comparative genomics | |
| |
| |
| Functional genomics | |
| |
| |
| Bioinformatics | |
| |
| |
| Applications of genomics | |
| |
| |
| Bioethical questions arising from genomics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human genetics | |
| |
| |
| Clinical relevance: case study | |
| |
| |
| Modes of inheritance | |
| |
| |
| Case study continued: finding the cause of the problem | |
| |
| |
| The genetic code | |
| |
| |
| Genetic counselling | |
| |
| |
| Gene therapy and prenatal testing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Craniofacial development | |
| |
| |
| Sequence of development | |
| |
| |
| Regulation of development | |
| |
| |
| Genetic basis of development | |
| |
| |
| Transcription factors and signaling molecules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Palate development | |
| |
| |
| Primary palate development | |
| |
| |
| Secondary palate development | |
| |
| |
| Regulation of palate development | |
| |
| |
| Genetic basis of abnormal palate development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tooth development | |
| |
| |
| Outline of tooth development | |
| |
| |
| Regulation of tooth development | |
| |
| |
| Genetic basis of abnormal tooth development | |
| |
| |
| |
| General immunology | |
| |
| |
| |
| General immunology | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Circulatory system and lymphatic system | |
| |
| |
| Cells and tissues of the immune system | |
| |
| |
| Innate immunity | |
| |
| |
| Generation of diversity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Humoral and soluble mediators of the immune response | |
| |
| |
| Immunoglobulins | |
| |
| |
| Antibody responses | |
| |
| |
| Antigen-antibody interactions | |
| |
| |
| Soluble mediators of the immune response | |
| |
| |
| Immunological memory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cell-mediated immunity | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Natural killer (NK) cells | |
| |
| |
| Immunological memory | |
| |
| |
| Immunological responses to infectious disease | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical immunology | |
| |
| |
| Immunization | |
| |
| |
| Hypersensitivity responses | |
| |
| |
| Autoimmunity | |
| |
| |
| Cancer | |
| |
| |
| Immunodeficiency | |
| |
| |
| Transplantation immunology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pathology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cell and tissue damage | |
| |
| |
| Inflammation | |
| |
| |
| Responses which may or may not be preceded by inflammation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hemodynamic disorders | |
| |
| |
| Edema | |
| |
| |
| Thromboembolism | |
| |
| |
| Infarction | |
| |
| |
| Shock | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neoplasia | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Cancer | |
| |
| |
| Oncogenesis | |
| |
| |
| Epidemiology of cancer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Genetic and developmental disorders | |
| |
| |
| Terminology | |
| |
| |
| Genetic and developmental abnormalities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nutritional diseases | |
| |
| |
| Protein-energy malnutrition | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin deficiency | |
| |
| |
| Obesity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbiology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Morphology and structure | |
| |
| |
| Nutrition, growth, and cultivation | |
| |
| |
| Classification of bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Bacterial genetics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bacteria and disease | |
| |
| |
| Normal (commensal) microflora | |
| |
| |
| Diseases caused by the normal bacterial microflora | |
| |
| |
| Diseases caused by exogenous bacterial pathogens | |
| |
| |
| Bacterial virulence factors | |
| |
| |
| Antimicrobial chemotherapy | |
| |
| |
| Diagnostic bacteriology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Major bacteria and the diseases they can cause | |
| |
| |
| Gram-positive cocci | |
| |
| |
| Gram-negative cocci | |
| |
| |
| Gram-positive, spore-forming bacilli | |
| |
| |
| Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacilli | |
| |
| |
| Gram-negative, aerobic bacilli | |
| |
| |
| Gram-negative, facultative bacilli | |
| |
| |
| Gram-negative, curved bacilli | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous organisms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Viruses and viral infections | |
| |
| |
| Principles of virology | |
| |
| |
| Routes of viral infection | |
| |
| |
| Viral replication | |
| |
| |
| Effects of viruses on host cells | |
| |
| |
| Laboratory diagnosis of viral infection | |
| |
| |
| |
| Main viral infections | |
| |
| |
| Viral hepatitis | |
| |
| |
| Retroviruses | |
| |
| |
| Herpesviruses | |
| |
| |
| Other relevant viruses | |
| |
| |
| Prions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fungi and fungal infections | |
| |
| |
| Fungal biology | |
| |
| |
| Human mycoses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Behavioral sciences and pain | |
| |
| |
| |
| The dentist-patient relationship | |
| |
| |
| Types of relationship | |
| |
| |
| Communication skills | |
| |
| |
| Principles of behavior change | |
| |
| |
| Adherence to treatment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Personality, mood, and psychiatric disorders | |
| |
| |
| Personality | |
| |
| |
| Mood | |
| |
| |
| Psychoses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pain | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Perception of pain | |
| |
| |
| Control of pain | |
| |
| |
| |
| Orofacial pain | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Chronic idiopathic facial pain | |
| |
| |
| Index | |