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| Each Chapter ends with a Summary, Key Terms, Discussion Questions, and Answers to ""Can You Guess?"" boxes | |
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| Preface | |
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| Establishing A Context For Health Communication | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is Health Communication? | |
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| Defining Communication | |
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| Process | |
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| Personal Goals | |
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| Interdependence | |
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| Sensitivity | |
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| Shared Meaning | |
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| Defining Health Communication | |
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| History of Health Communication | |
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| Medical Models | |
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| Biomedical Model | |
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| Biophysical Model | |
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| Importance of Health Communication | |
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| Emphasis on Efficiency | |
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| Prevention | |
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| Patient Empowerment | |
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| Global Health Needs and Intercultural Competence | |
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| Changing Populations | |
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| Technology | |
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| History and Current Issues | |
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| Medicine in Ancient Times | |
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| Imotep | |
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| Hippocrates | |
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| Medieval Religion and Health Care | |
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| Medical Spiritualism | |
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| Barber Surgeons | |
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| Science and Magic | |
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| End of an Era | |
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| Renaissance Philosophy and Health Care | |
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| Principle of Verification | |
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| Cartesian Dualism | |
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| Health Care in the New World | |
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| Health Conditions | |
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| Hippocrates' Influence | |
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| Women's Role | |
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| The Rise of Orthodox Medicine | |
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| Population Shifts | |
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| Germ Theory | |
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| Research and Technology | |
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| Campaign of Orthodox Medicine | |
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| Flexner Report | |
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| Decline of Sectarian Medicine | |
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| Twentieth Century Health Care | |
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| Specialization | |
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| Medicine and Free Enterprise | |
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| Putting the Brakes on Health Care Costs | |
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| Health and Wealth | |
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| Problems | |
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| Reform Efforts | |
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| Managed Care | |
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| Conventional Insurance | |
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| Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) | |
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| Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) | |
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| Point of Service (POS) | |
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| High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) | |
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| Organizations' Perspective | |
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| Advantages | |
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| Incentive to Collaborate and Conserve | |
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| Affordability Goal | |
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| Wellness | |
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| Administrative Assistance | |
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| Patient Load | |
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| Disadvantages | |
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| Costs Still Prohibitive | |
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| Prevention Expectations Unrealized | |
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| Undertreatment | |
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| Restricted Options | |
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| Confidentiality at Risk | |
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| Bureaucratic Hassles | |
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| Managed Care Around the World | |
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| The Roles Of Patients And Caregivers | |
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| Patient-Caregiver Communication | |
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| Physician-Centered Communication | |
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| Assertive Behavior | |
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| Questions and Directives | |
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| Blocking | |
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| Patronizing Behavior | |
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| Power Difference | |
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| Criticism of Clinician-Centeredness | |
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| Collaborative Communication | |
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| Climate for Change | |
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| Motivational Interviewing | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Cultivating Dialogue | |
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| Nonverbal Encouragement | |
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| Verbal Encouragement | |
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| Environmental Restructuring | |
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| Soothing Surroundings | |
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| Easy Communication with Loved Ones | |
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| Communication Technology: Telemedicine | |
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| A Doctor's Visit Telemedicine Style | |
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| Telemedicine in the Future | |
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| Telemedicine as Medical Outsourcing | |
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| Advantages to Consumers | |
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| Advantages for Caregivers | |
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| Disadvantages | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Tips for Patients | |
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| Caregiver Perspective | |
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| Medical Socialization | |
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| Theory of Socialization | |
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| Selection | |
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| Curriculum | |
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| Science | |
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| Communication Training | |
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| Socialization Process | |
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| Loss of Identity | |
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| Privileged Status | |
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| Overwhelming Responsibilities | |
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| Withdrawal and Resentment | |
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| Effects of Socialization | |
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| Medical School Reform | |
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| Implications | |
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| Professional Influences on Caregivers | |
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| Time Constraints | |
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| Loss of Autonomy | |
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| Psychological Influences on Caregivers | |
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| Maturity | |
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| Self-Doubt | |
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| Satisfaction | |
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| Stress and Burnout | |
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| Causes | |
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| Emotions | |
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| Communication Deficits | |
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| Work Load | |
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| Other Factors | |
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| Effects | |
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| Healthy Strategies | |
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| Medical Mistakes | |
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| Why Mistakes Happen | |
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| What Happens After a Mistake? | |
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| Communication Skill Builder: Managing Medical Mistakes | |
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| From the Beginning | |
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| If an Error Does Occur | |
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| Communication Technology: Knowledge Coupling | |
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| Patient Perspective | |
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| Patient Socialization | |
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| Voice of Lifeworld | |
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| Feelings vs. Evidence | |
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| Specific vs. Diffuse | |
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| Patient Characteristics | |
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| Nature of the Illness | |
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| Patient Disposition | |
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| Communication Skills | |
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| Satisfaction | |
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| Attentiveness and Respect | |
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| Convenience | |
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| A Sense of Control | |
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| Genuine Warmth and Honesty | |
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| Cooperation and Consent | |
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| Reasons for Nonadherence | |
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| Caregivers' Investment | |
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| Informed Consent | |
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| Illness and Personal Identity | |
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| Reactions to Illness | |
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| Narratives | |
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| Diversity Among Patients | |
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| Status Differences | |
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| Misunderstandings | |
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| Health Literacy | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Surmounting Status Barriers | |
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| Gender Differences | |
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| Sexual Orientation | |
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| Race | |
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| Different Care and Outcome | |
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| Explanations | |
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| Distrust | |
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| High Risk, Low Knowledge | |
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| Access | |
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| Patient-Caregiver Communication | |
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| Language Differences | |
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| Disabilities | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Interacting with Persons Who Have Disabilities | |
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| Age | |
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| Children | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Talking With Children About Illness | |
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| Older Adults | |
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| Effects of Ageism | |
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| Communication Patterns | |
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| Promising Options | |
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| Communication Technology and Older Adults | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Reaching Marginalized Populations | |
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| Social And Cultural Issues | |
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| Social Support | |
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| Conceptual Overview | |
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| Coping | |
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| Crisis | |
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| Normalcy | |
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| Coping Strategies and Social Support | |
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| Action-Facilitating Support | |
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| Nurturing Support | |
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| Esteem Support | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Supportive Listening | |
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| Emotional Support | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Allowing Emotions | |
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| Social Network Support | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Keeping Social Networks Healthy | |
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| Support Groups | |
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| Communication Technology: Virtual Communities | |
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| Transformative Experiences | |
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| Lay Caregiving | |
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| Lay Caregivers' New Role | |
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| Profile of the Lay Caregiver | |
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| Stress and Burnout | |
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| Caring for Caregivers | |
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| End-of-Life Communication | |
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| Life at All Costs | |
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| Death with Dignity | |
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| Slow Medicine | |
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| Advance-Care Directives | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Delivering Bad News | |
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| Coping with Death | |
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| Oversupporting | |
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| Overhelping | |
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| Overinforming | |
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| Overempathizing | |
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| Cultural Conceptions of Health and Illness | |
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| Why Consider Culture? | |
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| A Profile of Cultures | |
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| Asian and Pacific Island | |
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| Hispanic | |
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| Arab | |
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| The Nature of Health and Illness | |
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| Health as Organic | |
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| Health as Harmony | |
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| Social Implications of Disease | |
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| Disease as Cure | |
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| Stigma of Disease | |
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| The Morality of Prevention | |
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| Victimization | |
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| Patient and Caregiver Roles | |
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| Mechanics and Machines | |
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| Parents and Children | |
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| Spiritualists and Believers | |
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| Providers and Consumers | |
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| Partners | |
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| Implications | |
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| Viagra: A Case Study in Health-Culture Overlap | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Developing Cultural Competence | |
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| Communication In Health Organizations | |
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| Culture and Diversity in Health Organizations | |
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| Culture and Diversity in Health Organizations | |
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| Organizational Culture | |
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| Cultural Integration and Transformation | |
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| Advantages of Diversity | |
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| Historical Patterns of Acceptance | |
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| Female Physicians | |
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| Building Equity | |
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| Communication Styles | |
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| Minorities in Medicine | |
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| History | |
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| Current Representation | |
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| Diverse Types of Health Care | |
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| Nurses | |
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| Nursing Shortage | |
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| Hospitalists | |
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| Midlevel Providers | |
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| Allied Health Personnel | |
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| Retail Clinics | |
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| Holistic Care | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Popularity | |
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| Advantages | |
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| Drawbacks | |
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| Managing Conflict | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Conflict of Interest | |
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| Violent Conflict | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Defusing Violent Situations | |
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| Nurses' Role Conflict | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Integrating Diverse Employees | |
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| Leadership and Teamwork | |
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| Current Issues | |
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| Consolidation | |
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| Controversy over Specialty Hospitals | |
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| Efficiency | |
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| Marketing and Advertising | |
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| Consumerism | |
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| Staffing Shortages | |
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| Challenging the Bureaucracy | |
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| Hierarchies or Partnerships? | |
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| Advantages | |
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| Disadvantages | |
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| Opportunities to Change | |
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| Authority Rule or MultilevelInput? | |
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| Advantages | |
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| Disadvantages | |
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| Opportunities for Change | |
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| Specialized Jobs or Mission-Centered Expectations? | |
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| Advantages | |
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| Disadvantages | |
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| Opportunities for Change | |
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| Strictly by the Rules. . . or Not? | |
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| Advantages | |
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| Disadvantages | |
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| Opportunities for Change | |
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| Teamwork | |
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| Advantages | |
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| Difficulties and Drawbacks | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Working on Teams | |
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| Crisis Management | |
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| Aiming for Service Excellence | |
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| Public Health: Media, Crisis, Policy Reform, And Health Promotion | |
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| Health Images in the Media | |
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| Advertising | |
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| Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DCTA) | |
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| Advantages of DCTA | |
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| Disadvantages of DCTA | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Evaluating Medical Claims | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| Obesity | |
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| Effects on Children | |
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| Activity Levels | |
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| Alcohol | |
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| Source of Knowledge | |
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| Glamorized Images | |
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| Body Images | |
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| Health Effects | |
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| Eternal Hope | |
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| News Coverage | |
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| Accuracy and Fairness | |
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| Sensationalism | |
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| Advantages of Health News | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Presenting Health News | |
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| Communication Technology: Interactive Health Information | |
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| Advantages | |
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| Drawbacks | |
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| Communication Skill Builders: Using the Internet | |
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| Entertainment | |
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| Portrayals of Health-Related Behaviors | |
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| Mental Illness and Dementia | |
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| Disabilities | |
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| Sex | |
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| Violence | |
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| Portrays of Health Care Situations | |
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| Medical Miracles | |
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| Entertainment and Commercialism | |
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| Entertainment-Education and Programming | |
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| Impact of Persuasive Entertainment | |
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| Media Literacy | |
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| Teaching Media Literacy | |
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| Public Health Crises and Health Care Reform | |
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| What is Public Health? | |
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| Risk and Crisis Communication | |
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| Managing Perceptions | |
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| How Scared is Scared Enough? | |
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| In the Heat of the Moment | |
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| Case Studies: A Global Perspective | |
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| AIDS | |
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| SARS | |
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| Anthrax | |
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| Avian Flu | |
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| Wrapping It Up | |
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| Health Care Reform | |
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| Analyzing the Issues | |
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| Waste | |
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| Inequities and Oversights | |
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| Less Costs More | |
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| Out of Pocket, Out of Luck? | |
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| Hope | |
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| The American Model | |
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| Universal Coverage Models | |
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| Massachusetts and Vermont | |
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| Overview, Pros, and Cons | |
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| Single-Payer Model | |
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| Wrapping Up Talk About Universal Coverage | |
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| Planning Health Promotion Campaigns | |
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| Background on Health Campaigns | |
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| Motivating Factors | |
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| Exemplary Campaigns | |
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| Go to the Audience | |
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| Take Action | |
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| Measure Your Success | |
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| Encourage Social Support | |
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| Planning a Health Campaign | |
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| Step 1: Defining the Situation and Potential Benefits | |
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| Benefits | |
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| Current Situation | |
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| Diverse Motivations | |
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| Step 2: Analyzing and Segmenting the Audience | |
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| Data Collection | |
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| Segmenting the Audience | |
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| Audience as a Person | |
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| Young Audiences | |
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| Sensation-Seekers | |
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| Underinformed Audiences | |
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| Step 3: Establishing Campaign Objectives | |
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| Step 4: Selecting Channels of Communication | |
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| Channel Characteristics | |
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| Communication Technology: Using Computers to Narrowcast Messages | |
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| Multichannel Campaigns | |
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| Designing and Implementing Health Campaigns | |
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| Theories of Behaviors Change | |
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| Health Belief Model | |
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| Social Cognitive Theory | |
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| Embedded Behaviors Model | |
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| Theory of Reasoned Action | |
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| Transtheoretical Model | |
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| Wrapping it Up | |
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| Critical-Cultural Perspective | |
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| Designing and Implementing a Campaign | |
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| Step 5: Designing Campaign Messages | |
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| Choosing a Voice | |
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| Designing the Message | |
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| Step 6: Piloting and Implementing the Campaign | |
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| Step 7: Evaluating and Maintaining the Campaign | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Maintenance | |
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| References | |
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| Credits | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |