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| Preface | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Credits | |
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| Introductory | |
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| What is the Old Testament? | |
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| Chapter and Verse | |
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| The Jewish Canon | |
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| The Christian Canons | |
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| The Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| The Promised Land: Geography, History, and Importance | |
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| Geography | |
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| History | |
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| Timeline | |
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| Importance | |
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| The Land of Israel in Jewish and Christian Tradition | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Cosmic Origins | |
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| Creations. Genesis 1-3 | |
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| The Book of Genesis | |
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| Genesis 1 and the Sabbath | |
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| Genesis and Science | |
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| The Sabbath in Jewish and Christian Tradition | |
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| The Second Account of Creation | |
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| Myth and the Bible | |
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| The Garden of Eden | |
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| "God" and "the LORD (God)" | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Adam and Eve in Jewish and Christian Tradition | |
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| The Formation of the Pentateuch | |
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| The Traditional View | |
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| The Development of Modern Interpretation | |
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| A Summary of the Documentary Hypothesis | |
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| The Formation of the Pentateuch | |
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| Challenges to the Documentary Hypothesis | |
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| Other Strategies for Interpreting the Pentateuch | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Primeval History. Genesis 4-11 | |
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| J (the Yahwist Source) | |
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| Cain and Abel | |
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| Noah's Drunkenness | |
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| The Sons of God | |
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| The Tower of Babel | |
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| P (the Priestly Source) | |
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| The Table of Nations | |
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| Enoch | |
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| The Flood | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| National Origins | |
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| The Ancestors of Israel. Genesis 12-50 | |
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| The Nature of the Narratives | |
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| Source Criticism | |
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| Abram and Abraham, Sarai and Sarah | |
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| The Binding of Isaac | |
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| Form Criticism | |
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| Circumcision | |
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| Ancient Near Eastern Parallels | |
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| The Ugaritic Texts | |
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| The Joseph Narrative | |
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| The Ancestors of Israel | |
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| Abraham, Father of Believers | |
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| History and the Ancestors of Israel | |
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| The Religion of the Ancestors | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Escape from Egypt. Exodus 1-5 | |
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| The Book of Exodus | |
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| Exodus 1-15 | |
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| Hebrew and Hebrews | |
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| Legends of Rescue | |
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| The Divine Name Yahweh | |
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| The Hardening of the Pharaoh's Heart | |
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| The Development of the Passover Celebration | |
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| The Exodus and History | |
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| The Exodus and the History of Religions | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| From Egypt to Sinai. Exodus 16-24 | |
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| Itineraries | |
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| Incidents on the Journey | |
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| Manna | |
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| At Sinai | |
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| The Location of Sinai | |
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| Covenant | |
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| Excerpts From a Hittite Suzerainty Treaty | |
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| The Ten Commandments | |
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| The Status and Numbering of the Ten Commandments | |
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| The Ratification of the Covenant | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Law and Ritual Exodus. 20.22-23.33 and 25-40 | |
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| Law in the Ancient Near East | |
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| Excerpt from the Code of Hammurapi | |
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| The Covenant Code | |
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| "An Eye for an Eye" | |
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| The Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Priestly Vestments an Ordination | |
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| The Golden Calf | |
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| "Forty Days and Forty Nights" | |
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| The Ritual Decalogue | |
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| An Ancient Hebrew Agricultural Calendar | |
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| Sequel | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Ritual and Holiness. Leviticus | |
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| The Book of Leviticus | |
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| Sacrifices (Lev 1-7) | |
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| The Consecration Ceremonies and Their Aftermath (Lev 8-10) | |
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| Purity and Impurity (Lev 11-15) | |
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| The Day of Atonement (Lev 16) | |
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| The Holiness Code (Lev 17-26) | |
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| Anointing | |
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| Capital Punishment | |
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| Women in Israelite Ritual and Law | |
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| The Ethics of Leviticus | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| In the Wilderness. Numbers | |
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| The Book of Numbers | |
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| Preparations for the Journey | |
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| Law, Ritual, and Purity | |
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| The Chronology and Geography of the Wanderings | |
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| Rebellions in the Wilderness | |
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| The Rebellions of the Israelites in Christian and Muslim Scriptures | |
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| Miriam | |
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| The Amalekites | |
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| Opposition on the Journey | |
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| Excerpt From the Deir Alla Texts | |
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| Preparations for the Entry Into the Land | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| The End of the Journey to the Promised Land. Deuteronomy | |
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| The Book of Deuteronomy | |
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| The Shema | |
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| The Origins of Deuteronomy | |
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| Parallel Curses in the Treaties of Esarhaddon and in Deuteronomy | |
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| The Deuteronomic School | |
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| The Character and Personality of Moses | |
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| The Meanings of "Torah" | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Joshua and the Conquest of the Land of Canaan. Joshua | |
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| The Deuteronomistic History | |
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| The Book of Joshua | |
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| Parallels Between Deuteronomy 27 and Joshua 8 | |
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| Shechem in Biblical Tradition | |
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| Circumcision a Second Time? | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| The Emergence of Israel in the Land of Canaan. Judges and Ruth | |
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| The Book of Judges | |
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| The Judges of Israel in the Book of Judges | |
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| The Moabites and the Ammonites | |
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| The Song of Deborah | |
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| The Philistines | |
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| History and the Israelite Confederation | |
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| The Book of Ruth | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Kings And Prophets | |
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| The Establishment of the Monarchy. 1 Samuel | |
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| The Book(s) of Samuel | |
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| Samuel | |
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| Samuel in Other Traditions | |
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| Positive Assessments of Saul | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| The Reign of David. 2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1-2, and Psalm 132 | |
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| Samuel | |
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| David's Compositions | |
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| Jerusalem | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Psalm 132 | |
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| The Reign of Solomon. 1 Kings 1-11 and Psalm 89 | |
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| The Book(s) of Kings | |
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| Kings 1-11 | |
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| Solomon in Later Tradition | |
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| The Royal Psalms | |
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| The Ideology of the Davidic Monarchy | |
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| The Psalms of Zion | |
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| The Royal Ideology in Later Traditions | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| The Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah From the Late Tenth to the Early Eighth Centuries BCE. 1 Kings 12-2 Kings 14 | |
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| History | |
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| Chronology of the Kings of Israel and Judah | |
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| Late Tenth to Mid-eighth Centuries BCE | |
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| Institutions and Society | |
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| Prophets and Prophecy | |
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| Prophets in Later Traditions | |
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| The Legends of Elijah and Elisha | |
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| Elijah in Later Tradition | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| The Northern Kingdom of Israel in the Eighth Century BCE. 2 Kings 14-17, Amos, and Hosea | |
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| History | |
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| Chronology of the Eighth Century BCE | |
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| Prophetic Books and "Classical" Prophecy | |
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| The Book of Amos | |
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| The Day of the Lord | |
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| The Book of Hosea | |
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| Prophetic Attacks on Rituals | |
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| Marriage in Ancient Israel | |
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| God as Parent: Father or Mother? | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| The Kingdom of Judah in the Eighth and Early Seventh Centuries BCE. 2 Kings 15-20, 2 Chronicles 29-32, Isaiah 1-39, and Micah | |
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| History | |
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| Chronology of the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BCE | |
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| The Book of Isaiah | |
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| Isaiah in Later Tradition | |
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| The Siege of Jerusalem in 734 BCE | |
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| The Identification of Immanuel | |
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| Sennacherib's Third Campaign (701 BCE) According to the Assyrian Annals | |
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| The Assyrian Invasion of Judah in 701 BCE | |
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| Hezekiah's Tunnel | |
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| The Book of Micah | |
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| The King From Bethlehem | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Judah in the Seventh Century BCE: The End of Assyrian Domination. 2 Kings 21-23, 2 Chronicles 33-35, Zephaniah, Nahum, and the Prayer of Manasseh | |
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| History | |
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| Chronology of the Seventh Century BCE | |
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| The Reign of Manasseh | |
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| Ashurbanipal's Library | |
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| The Reign of Josiah | |
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| Megiddo and Armageddon | |
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| The Book of Zephaniah | |
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| The Book of Nahum | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| The Fall of Jerusalem. 2 Kings 23.31-25.30, 2 Chronicles 36, Habakkuk, Jeremiah, and the Letter of Jeremiah | |
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| History | |
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| Chronology of the Late Seventh and Early Sixth Centuries BCE | |
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| Throne Names of Kings of Judah | |
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| The Book of Habakkuk | |
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| The Book of Jeremiah | |
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| Jeremiah in Later Tradition | |
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| Parallels Between Psalms and Jeremiah's Confessions | |
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| Jeremiah and the History of Bookmaking | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Exile And Return | |
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| After the Fall: Jews in Judah and Babylon. Lamentations, Psalm 137, Obadiah, and Ezekiel | |
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| History | |
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| The Book of Lamentations | |
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| Acrostic Poems | |
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| The Jews in Babylonia | |
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| Nebuchadnezzar's Wonders | |
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| Psalm 137 | |
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| The Book of Obadiah | |
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| The Book of Ezekiel | |
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| Yahweh as Violent Husband | |
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| Leadership in the Restored Community | |
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| Gog of Magog | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Return From Exile. Ezra 1-2 and Isaiah 34-35 and 40-55 | |
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| History | |
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| Chronology of the Sixth Century BCE | |
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| The Priestly Source of the Pentateuch | |
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| The Exilic Edition of the Deuteronomistic History | |
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| Isaiah 40- 55 | |
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| The Development of Monotheism | |
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| Female Images of God | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Reconstruction And Consolidation | |
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| The Early Restoration. Ezra 3-6, 1 Esdras, Haggai, Zechariah 1-8, and Isaiah 56-66 | |
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| History | |
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| Ezra 3-6 | |
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| Aramaic | |
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| The Books of Esdras | |
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| The Book of Haggai | |
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| Zechariah 1-8 | |
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| Isaiah 56-66 | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Judah in the Fifth Century BCE. Ezra 7-10, Nehemiah, Isaiah 24-27, Zechariah 9-14, Joel, Malachi, and 2 Esdras | |
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| History | |
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| Chronology of the Late Sixth to the Late Fourth Centuries BCE | |
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| The Book(s) of Ezra and Nehemiah | |
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| The Elephantine Papyri | |
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| Apocalyptic Literature | |
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| The "Isaiah Apocalypse" (Isa 24- 27) | |
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| Zechariah 9-14 | |
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| The Book of Joel | |
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| The Book of Malachi | |
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| Second Esdras | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Traditions Rewritten and Consolidated. 1-2 Chronicles, Psalms, and Proverbs | |
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| The Books of Chronicles | |
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| Samaria and the Samaritans | |
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| The Arrangement of the Genealogies of the Sons of Jacob (The Tribes of Israel) in Chronicles | |
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| Comparison of 2 Samuel 24.1-9 and 1 Chronicles 21.1-7 | |
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| The Book of Psalms | |
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| Parallelism | |
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| The Forms of the Psalms | |
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| Form-Critical Analysis of Psalm 3 | |
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| Music in Ancient Israel | |
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| Wisdom Literature | |
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| Ahiqar and Proverbs | |
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| The Book of Proverbs | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Controversy And Challenge | |
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| Dissidents and Lovers. Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon | |
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| The Book of Job | |
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| The Satan | |
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| "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth" | |
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| Behemoth and Leviathan | |
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| Job's Wife and Daughters | |
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| Job in Later Tradition | |
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| The Book of Ecclesiastes | |
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| The Development of Beliefs in Life After Death in Ancient Israel | |
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| The Song of Solomon | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Encounters With the Greeks. 1-2 Maccabees, Baruch, Sirach, The Wisdom of Solomon, and 4 Maccabees | |
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| History | |
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| Tables of Rulers | |
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| Maccabees | |
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| The Dead Sea Scrolls | |
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| Hanukkah | |
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| Maccabees | |
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| The Book of Baruch | |
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| The Wisdom of Jesus, Son of Sirach (Also Known as Ben Sira and Ecclesiasticus) | |
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| Different Views of Immortality in the Hebrew and Greek Texts of Ben Sira | |
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| The Wisdom of Solomon | |
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| Contrasts in the Divine Treatment of the Egyptians and the Israelites During the Exodus | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Maccabees | |
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| Heroes Under Foreign Rulers. Jonah, Esther, Additions to Esther, Judith, Tobit, 3 Maccabees, Daniel, and Additions to Daniel | |
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| The Book of Jonah | |
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| The Book of Esther | |
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| The Festival of Purim | |
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| The Book of Judith | |
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| Widows | |
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| The Book of Tobit | |
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| Angels and Demons | |
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| Maccabees | |
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| The Book of Daniel | |
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| "Son of Man" | |
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| Outline of the Visions of Successive Kingdoms in the Book of Daniel | |
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| A Look Back and Ahead | |
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| Chronology | |
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| General Bibliography | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |