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About the Author | |
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Introduction | |
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History and Overview of Capital Punishment | |
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In General | |
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Religious View of Capital Punishment | |
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History of Capital Punishment in America | |
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Ban on the Death Penalty in the United States | |
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Reintroduction of the Death Penalty in the United States | |
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Chronology of the Death Penalty in America | |
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Present Application of the Death Penalty | |
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Death Penalty Jurisdictions | |
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Statistics | |
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Capital Offenses | |
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The Abolitionist Movement | |
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Public Opinion | |
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In General | |
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Financial Concerns: Weighing the Costs | |
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Life Imprisonment: A Less Costly Alternative | |
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Deterrence | |
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Suicide-by-Execution Syndrome | |
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The International Status of Capital Punishment | |
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In General | |
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The Trend Towards Abolishing the Death Penalty | |
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Countries That Have Abolished the Death Penalty for All Crimes | |
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"Exceptional Crimes" Death Penalty Countries | |
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"De Facto" Abolitionist Countries | |
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Countries That Practice the Death Penalty (Retentionist Countries) | |
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International Death Sentences and Executions | |
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International Agreements to Abolish the Death Penalty | |
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The Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights | |
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The Second Optional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty | |
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The Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty | |
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Juvenile Offenders and the Death Penalty | |
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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child | |
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Methods of Execution | |
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Early Methods of Execution | |
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Ling Chi: Death by a Thousand Cuts | |
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Hanging, Drawing, and Quartering | |
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Breaking on the Wheel | |
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Present-Day Methods of Execution | |
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In General | |
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Hanging | |
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Firing Squad | |
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Electrocution | |
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Lethal Gas | |
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Lethal Injection | |
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Baze v. Rees | |
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The Role of the Executioner | |
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Viewing the Execution | |
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In General | |
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Victim Witnesses | |
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The Federal Death Penalty | |
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In General | |
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Methods of Execution | |
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The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (The "Drug Kingpin" Statute) | |
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The Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 (The "Crime Bill Expansion") | |
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Race and the Federal Death Penalty | |
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Procedure | |
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Authorization | |
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Right to Legal Representation | |
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Appeal | |
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Clemency | |
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Costs | |
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Prosecution | |
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Defense | |
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Native Americans | |
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U.S. Military | |
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History | |
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Demographics | |
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Prosecution | |
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The U.S. Disciplinary Barracks | |
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Execution Procedure | |
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Authorized Witnesses | |
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Legal Representation | |
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In General | |
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Statistics | |
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State Prisoners | |
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Federal Prisoners | |
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Local Prisoners | |
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Qualifications and Competency | |
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U.S. Supreme Court Cases | |
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Strickland v. Washington | |
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Deficient Performance of Counsel | |
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Deficient Performance Prejudiced Defendant's Right to Fair Trial | |
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Williams v. Taylor | |
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Cockrell v. Burdine | |
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Bell v. Cone | |
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Wiggins v. Smith | |
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Florida v. Nixon | |
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Rompilla v. Beard | |
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The Adoption of Standards | |
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Alabama | |
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Nevada | |
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Texas | |
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Utah | |
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Indigent Defense Programs | |
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Public Defender Programs | |
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Assigned Counsel Programs | |
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The Ad Hoc Assigned Counsel Program | |
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The Coordinated Assigned Counsel Program | |
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Contract Attorney Programs | |
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The Federal Indigent Defense Program | |
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Innocence | |
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In General | |
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Wrongful Conviction and Execution | |
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Contributing Factors | |
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Expansion of Capital Crimes | |
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Juror Bias | |
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Laboratory Mistakes | |
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Lack of Defense Funding | |
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Narrowing of Appellate Rights in Capital Cases | |
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Politics | |
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Unreliable Evidence | |
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Mistaken Eyewitness Testimony | |
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Unreliable Witnesses | |
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Unreliable Confessions | |
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DNA Access Laws | |
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The Justice For All Act of 2004 | |
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Post-Conviction DNA Exonerations | |
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Recent Death Row Exoneration Cases | |
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Levon Jones | |
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Glen Edward Chapman | |
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Kennedy Brewer | |
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Curtis McCarty | |
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Ryan Matthews | |
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Nicholas Yarris | |
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Ray Krone | |
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Charles Irvin Fain | |
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Frank Lee Smith | |
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Earl Washington | |
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Execution of Innocent Defendants | |
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Ruben Cantu | |
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Carlos DeLuna | |
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Gary Graham | |
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Larry Griffin | |
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Leonel Herrera | |
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Jesse Jacobs | |
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Leo Jones | |
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Robert Nelson | |
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Joseph O'Dell | |
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David Spence | |
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Cameron Willingham | |
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Compensation for Wrongful Incarceration | |
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Model Penal Code Recommendations | |
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Demographics | |
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Race and the Death Penalty | |
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Statistics | |
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The Race of the Victim | |
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Women and the Death Penalty | |
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Statistics | |
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Executions | |
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Age and the Death Penalty | |
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Juvenile Offenders | |
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Thompson v. Oklahoma | |
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Stanford v. Kentucky | |
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Roper v. Simmons | |
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Execution of the Elderly | |
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Statistics | |
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Causes | |
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Clarence Ray Allen | |
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John B. Nixon, Sr. | |
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Mental Disabilities and the Death Penalty | |
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In General | |
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Mental Retardation | |
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Mental Retardation Defined | |
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The Ban on Execution of the Mentally Retarded | |
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Atkins v. Virginia | |
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Retribution | |
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Deterrence | |
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Wrongful Execution | |
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The IQ Factor | |
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Mental Illness | |
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Mental Illness Defined | |
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Mental Disorders | |
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Bipolar Disorder | |
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Borderline Personality Disorder | |
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Brain Damage | |
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Depression | |
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Dissociative Disorder | |
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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Schizophrenia | |
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Extending the Atkins Ruling to the Mentally Ill | |
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Recent Executions Involving the Mentally Ill | |
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Troy Kunkle (Schizophrenia) | |
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Donald Beardslee (Severe Brain Damage) | |
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Charles Singleton (Schizophrenia) | |
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Kevin Zimmerman (Brain Injury) | |
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Hung Thanh Le (PTSD) | |
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Kelsey Patterson (Paranoid Schizophrenia) | |
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Robert Bryan (Paranoid Schizophrenia/Brain Disease) | |
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Stephen Vrabel (Paranoid Schizophrenia) | |
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Kevin Hocker (Bipolar Disorder) | |
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Mark Bailey (Bipolar Disorder) | |
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False Confessions and the Mentally Impaired | |
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Sentence Review | |
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In General | |
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Automatic Review | |
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Federal Habeas Corpus Review of State Criminal Convictions | |
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In General | |
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Jurisdiction | |
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Case Processing Time | |
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Representation | |
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Types of Issues Raised in Habeas Corpus Petitions | |
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Dismissal of the Petition | |
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Clemency | |
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Authority to Grant Clemency | |
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Recent Cases | |
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John Spirko | |
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Jeffrey Leonard | |
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Michael Boyd | |
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Kenneth Foster | |
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Robin Lovitt | |
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Arthur P. Baird II | |
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Michael Daniels | |
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Broad Clemencies | |
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Appendices | |
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The Florida Death Penalty Statute | |
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Table of Number of Prisoners Executed in 2007, by State | |
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Table of Number of Prisoners Under Sentence of Death (Federal/State) as of December 31, 2006 | |
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Table of Number of Prisoners Under Sentence of Death, by Year (1953-2006) | |
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Table of Number of Executions (1930-2007) | |
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Table of Capital Offenses, by State | |
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Table of Federal Capital Offenses, by Statute | |
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Directory of Death Penalty Abolitionist Organizations | |
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Table of Comparison of Murder Rates in Death Penalty States with Murder Rates in Non-Death Penalty States (1990-2006) | |
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Table of Execution Methods, by State | |
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Table of Total Number of Executions, by State, and Methods of Execution (1976-2007) | |
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Table of States That Have Adopted Qualification Standards for Attorneys Handling Capital Cases on Behalf of Indigent Defendants | |
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Table of Death Row Prisoners Exonerated, by State | |
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Table of Death Row Prisoners Exonerated, by Year | |
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Table of Number of Prisoners Under Sentence of Death, by Race (1968-2006) | |
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Table of Number of Women Prisoners Under Sentence of Death, by Race (Federal/State) (As of December 31, 2006) | |
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Table of Number of Prisoners Under Sentence of Death, by Age (As of December 31, 2006) | |
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Statutes Defining Mental Retardation for the Purpose of Imposition of the Death Penalty | |
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Defendants with Mental Retardation Executed Since the Reinstatement of the Death Penalty | |
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Directory of State Governors' Offices | |
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Glossary | |
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Bibliography and Additional Resources | |